BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of infected tibial nonunion by bone transport using the Ilizarov external fixator. We retrospectively reviewed 66 patients with infected tibial nonunion treated by bone transport using the Ilizarov external fixator. Our study included 62 males and 4 females with a mean of age 37.06 years. The average length of the bone defects after radical debridement was 6.27 cm (range 3-13 cm). The mean follow-up after removal of the apparatus was 25.91 months (18-46 months). 6 patients were lost to follow-up. All the patients achieved bone union and no recurrence of infection was observed. The mean external fixation index was 1.38 months/cm (range 1.15-1.58 months/cm). According to Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) classification, bone results were excellent in 44, good in 15, fair in 5 and poor in 2; functional results were excellent in 24, good in 26, fair in 10 and no poor. CONCLUSIONS: Our study and the current evidence suggested that Ilizarov methods in the treatment of infected tibial nonunion acquired satisfied effects in bone results and functional results. Radical debridement is the key step to control bone infection.