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北美主要蓝舌病毒传播媒介索诺拉库蠓(双翅目:蠓科)卵的耐旱性及其对媒介持久性的影响

Desiccation Tolerance in the Eggs of the Primary North American Bluetongue Virus Vector, Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), and Implications for Vector Persistence.

作者信息

McDermott Emily G, Mullens Bradley A

机构信息

Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521

Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

出版信息

J Med Entomol. 2014 Nov 1;51(6):1151-8. doi: 10.1603/ME14049.

Abstract

Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones transmits bluetongue virus and develops in a variety of polluted mud habitats. Egg desiccation tolerance was tested by obtaining eggs of known age, drying them, and placing them back on wet substrate. Eggs 4-10 h old failed to hatch after 12 h of drying at 75% relative humidity (RH). Older eggs (28-34 h) survived severe desiccation and >50% water weight loss. They regained their water within ≈2 h of rehydration. Relative to control eggs, average egg hatch was reduced by 36% after 12 h of drying, 79% after 24 h, 91% after 36 h, and 97% after 48 h. Some embryos (1%) survived and hatched after 60 h of drying and water losses of nearly 60%. Eggs in specific 25-40 h age categories did not differ in hatch after a 12-h desiccation stress; critical embryo age to survive drying is between 10 and 24 h. Humidity gradients relieved desiccation stress, and eggs appeared to regain water from saturated RH conditions. Individual, gravid C. sonorensis oviposited in 1-liter containers with an artificial mud bank. If they laid eggs, 73% deposited them singly in lines ranging up to 5-6 cm in length (meanderers), while 27% laid eggs in clumps (dumpers). Eggs were positioned an average of 45 ± 12 mm back from waterline. Younger eggs, if laid in early evening, may not experience severe desiccation. Embryo recovery from such severe desiccation could be adaptive in ephemeral habitats where the species may have evolved.

摘要

索诺拉库蠓(Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones)传播蓝舌病毒,在各种受污染的泥质栖息地中发育。通过获取已知年龄的卵、干燥卵并将其放回潮湿基质上来测试卵的耐干燥性。4 - 10小时龄的卵在75%相对湿度(RH)下干燥12小时后未能孵化。较老的卵(28 - 34小时龄)能经受严重干燥且水分失重>50%。它们在复水约2小时内恢复水分。相对于对照卵,干燥12小时后平均孵化率降低36%,24小时后降低79%,36小时后降低91%,48小时后降低97%。一些胚胎(1%)在干燥60小时且水分损失近60%后存活并孵化。在12小时干燥胁迫后,特定25 - 40小时龄类别的卵孵化率没有差异;胚胎存活干燥的关键年龄在10至24小时之间。湿度梯度缓解了干燥胁迫,卵似乎从饱和RH条件中恢复水分。单个怀卵索诺拉库蠓在带有人工泥岸的1升容器中产卵。如果它们产卵,73%将卵单个产成长度达5 - 6厘米的线(蜿蜒产卵者),而27%成簇产卵(集中产卵者)。卵平均位于距水线45±12毫米的后方。较年轻的卵,如果在傍晚早期产下,可能不会经历严重干燥。在该物种可能已进化的短暂栖息地中,胚胎从这种严重干燥中恢复可能具有适应性。

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