Rincon Diego F, Hoy Casey W, Cañas Luis A
Department of Entomology. The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691. Permanent address: Grupo de Manejo Fitosanitario, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica). Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Department of Entomology. The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691. Agroecosystems Management Program, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691.
Environ Entomol. 2015 Apr;44(2):194-209. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvu022. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
Most predator-prey models extrapolate functional responses from small-scale experiments assuming spatially uniform within-plant predator-prey interactions. However, some predators focus their search in certain plant regions, and herbivores tend to select leaves to balance their nutrient uptake and exposure to plant defenses. Individual-based models that account for heterogeneous within-plant predator-prey interactions can be used to scale-up functional responses, but they would require the generation of explicit prey spatial distributions within-plant architecture models. The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a significant pest of tomato crops worldwide that exhibits highly aggregated populations at several spatial scales, including within the plant. As part of an analytical framework to understand predator-silverleaf whitefly interactions, the objective of this research was to develop an algorithm to generate explicit spatial counts of silverleaf whitefly nymphs within tomato plants. The algorithm requires the plant size and the number of silverleaf whitefly individuals to distribute as inputs, and includes models that describe infestation probabilities per leaf nodal position and the aggregation pattern of the silverleaf whitefly within tomato plants and leaves. The output is a simulated number of silverleaf whitefly individuals for each leaf and leaflet on one or more plants. Parameter estimation was performed using nymph counts per leaflet censused from 30 artificially infested tomato plants. Validation revealed a substantial agreement between algorithm outputs and independent data that included the distribution of counts of both eggs and nymphs. This algorithm can be used in simulation models that explore the effect of local heterogeneity on whitefly-predator dynamics.
大多数捕食者 - 猎物模型是从小规模实验中推断功能反应的，假设植物内部捕食者 - 猎物的相互作用在空间上是均匀的。然而，一些捕食者会将搜索集中在某些植物区域，食草动物则倾向于选择叶片以平衡其养分摄取和对植物防御的暴露程度。考虑到植物内部捕食者 - 猎物相互作用的异质性的基于个体的模型可用于扩大功能反应，但它们需要在植物结构模型中生成明确的猎物空间分布。烟粉虱，烟粉虱生物型B（Gennadius）（半翅目：粉虱科），是全球番茄作物的重要害虫，在包括植物内部在内的几个空间尺度上都表现出高度聚集的种群。作为理解捕食者 - 烟粉虱相互作用的分析框架的一部分，本研究的目的是开发一种算法，以生成番茄植株内烟粉虱若虫的明确空间数量。该算法需要输入植物大小和要分布的烟粉虱个体数量，并包括描述每个叶节点位置的侵染概率以及烟粉虱在番茄植株和叶片内的聚集模式的模型。输出是一株或多株植物上每片叶子和小叶的模拟烟粉虱个体数量。使用从30株人工侵染的番茄植株上统计的每小叶若虫数量进行参数估计。验证表明算法输出与包括卵和若虫数量分布在内的独立数据之间有很大的一致性。该算法可用于探索局部异质性对粉虱 - 捕食者动态影响的模拟模型。
