Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Dec 15;538:591-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.110. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
A series of cascade artificial ponds were constructed to improve the ecological status of the stream. To evaluate the effects of restoration practices, a bioassessment, based on phytobenthic algae - the diatoms, was made. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of diatom assemblages allowed for evaluating the influence of a series of cascade artificial ponds on stream integrity. To reveal which environmental factors had the greatest influence on shaping diatom assemblages, the BIO-ENV procedure was used, and in order to examine whether these factors had equal influence on diatoms along the stream, Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used. The analysis of diatom assemblages allowed for the calculation of the diatom indices in order to assess the water quality and the ecological status of the stream. Artificial ponds constructed on the stream had significant effects on the integrity of the stream ecosystem. Diatom assemblages characteristic of stream habitats were disrupted by the species from ponds. HCA and PCA revealed that the stream was clearly divided into three sections: ponds, stream parts under the influence of ponds, and stream parts isolated from ponds. The ponds thus altered stream environmental conditions. Benthic diatom assemblages were affected by a combination of four environmental factors: the concentration of ammonium ions, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and the amount of total suspended material in the water. These factors, together with water pH, had a diverse influence on diatom assemblages alongside the stream, which was caused by a series of cascade ponds. In theory, this restoration practice should restore the stream close to its natural state, but bioassessment of the stream ecosystem based on diatoms revealed that there was no improvement of the ecological status alongside the stream. The construction of artificial ponds disrupted stream continuity and altered the character of the stream ecosystem.
一系列级联人工池塘的构建改善了溪流的生态状况。为了评估恢复实践的效果，进行了基于底栖藻类 - 硅藻的生物评估。硅藻组合的层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）允许评估一系列级联人工池塘对溪流完整性的影响。为了揭示哪些环境因素对塑造硅藻组合的影响最大，使用了 BIO-ENV 程序，并且为了检查这些因素对溪流中硅藻的影响是否相等，使用了冗余分析（RDA）。硅藻组合的分析允许计算硅藻指数，以评估水质和溪流的生态状况。在溪流上建造的人工池塘对溪流生态系统的完整性有显著影响。溪流栖息地特征的硅藻组合被来自池塘的物种破坏。HCA 和 PCA 表明，溪流明显分为三个部分：池塘、池塘影响下的溪流部分和与池塘隔离的溪流部分。池塘因此改变了溪流的环境条件。底栖硅藻组合受到四个环境因素的组合影响：氨离子浓度、溶解氧、电导率和水中总悬浮物质的量。这些因素与水的 pH 值一起，对溪流沿线的硅藻组合产生了不同的影响，这是由一系列级联池塘引起的。理论上，这种恢复实践应该使溪流恢复到其自然状态，但基于硅藻的溪流生态系统生物评估表明，溪流沿线的生态状况没有改善。人工池塘的建设破坏了溪流的连续性，并改变了溪流生态系统的特征。
