Walczak Brian E, Johnson Christopher N, Howe B Matthew
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Oct;23(10):612-22. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00269. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
Myositis ossificans is a self-limiting, benign ossifying lesion that can affect any type of soft tissue, including subcutaneous fat, tendons, and nerves. It is most commonly found in muscle as a solitary lesion. Ossifying soft-tissue lesions historically have been inconsistently classified. Fundamentally, myositis ossificans can be categorized into nonhereditary and hereditary types, with the latter being a distinct entity with a separate pathophysiology and treatment approach. The etiology of myositis ossificans is variable; however, clinical presentation generally is characterized by an ossifying soft-tissue mass. Advanced cross-sectional imaging alone can be nonspecific and may appear to be similar to more sinister etiologies. Therefore, the evaluation of a suspicious soft-tissue mass often necessitates multiple imaging modalities for accurate diagnosis. When imaging is indeterminate, biopsy may be required for a histologic diagnosis. However, histopathology varies based on stage of evolution. The treatment of myositis ossificans is complex and is often made in a multidisciplinary fashion because accurate diagnosis is fundamental to a successful outcome.
骨化性肌炎是一种自限性的良性骨化性病变，可累及任何类型的软组织，包括皮下脂肪、肌腱和神经。它最常见于肌肉，表现为孤立性病变。从历史上看，骨化性软组织病变的分类并不一致。从根本上讲，骨化性肌炎可分为非遗传性和遗传性类型，后者是一种具有独特病理生理学和治疗方法的不同实体。骨化性肌炎的病因多种多样；然而，其临床表现通常以骨化性软组织肿块为特征。仅靠先进的横断面成像可能不具有特异性，可能看起来与更严重的病因相似。因此，对可疑软组织肿块的评估通常需要多种成像方式以进行准确诊断。当成像结果不明确时，可能需要进行活检以获得组织学诊断。然而，组织病理学因演变阶段而异。骨化性肌炎的治疗很复杂，通常采用多学科方式进行，因为准确诊断是成功治疗的基础。
