Yamamichi Masato, Miner Brooks E
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA.
Evol Appl. 2015 Sep;8(8):787-95. doi: 10.1111/eva.12295. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
Recent studies have increasingly recognized evolutionary rescue (adaptive evolution that prevents extinction following environmental change) as an important process in evolutionary biology and conservation science. Researchers have concentrated on single species living in isolation, but populations in nature exist within communities of interacting species, so evolutionary rescue should also be investigated in a multispecies context. We argue that the persistence or extinction of a focal species can be determined solely by evolutionary change in an interacting species. We demonstrate that prey adaptive evolution can prevent predator extinction in two-species predator-prey models, and we derive the conditions under which this indirect evolutionary interaction is essential to prevent extinction following environmental change. A nonevolving predator can be rescued from extinction by adaptive evolution of its prey due to a trade-off for the prey between defense against predation and population growth rate. As prey typically have larger populations and shorter generations than their predators, prey evolution can be rapid and have profound effects on predator population dynamics. We suggest that this process, which we term 'indirect evolutionary rescue', has the potential to be critically important to the ecological and evolutionary responses of populations and communities to dramatic environmental change.
最近的研究越来越多地认识到进化拯救（即环境变化后防止物种灭绝的适应性进化）是进化生物学和保护科学中的一个重要过程。研究人员一直专注于孤立生存的单一物种，但自然界中的种群存在于相互作用物种的群落中，因此进化拯救也应在多物种背景下进行研究。我们认为，一个焦点物种的存续或灭绝可能仅由一个相互作用物种的进化变化决定。我们证明，在双物种捕食者 - 猎物模型中，猎物的适应性进化可以防止捕食者灭绝，并且我们推导出了这种间接进化相互作用对于防止环境变化后物种灭绝至关重要的条件。由于猎物在抵御捕食和种群增长率之间存在权衡，一个不发生进化的捕食者可以通过其猎物的适应性进化而免于灭绝。由于猎物通常比其捕食者具有更大的种群规模和更短的世代周期，猎物的进化可能很快，并对捕食者种群动态产生深远影响。我们认为，这个我们称之为“间接进化拯救”的过程，对于种群和群落对剧烈环境变化的生态和进化响应可能至关重要。
