临床推理中的启发式错误。
Heuristic errors in clinical reasoning.
作者信息
Rylander Melanie, Guerrasio Jeannette
机构信息
Departments of Behavioral Health and Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
出版信息
Clin Teach. 2016 Aug;13(4):287-90. doi: 10.1111/tct.12444. Epub 2015 Sep 23.
PURPOSE
Errors in clinical reasoning contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of heuristic errors made by third-year medical students and first-year residents.
METHODS
This study surveyed approximately 150 clinical educators inquiring about the types of heuristic errors they observed in third-year medical students and first-year residents.
RESULTS
Anchoring and premature closure were the two most common errors observed amongst third-year medical students and first-year residents. There was no difference in the types of errors observed in the two groups. Errors in clinical reasoning contribute to patient morbidity and mortality
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical educators perceived that both third-year medical students and first-year residents committed similar heuristic errors, implying that additional medical knowledge and clinical experience do not affect the types of heuristic errors made. Further work is needed to help identify methods that can be used to reduce heuristic errors early in a clinician's education.
目的
临床推理中的错误会导致患者发病和死亡。本研究的目的是确定三年级医学生和一年级住院医师所犯的启发式错误类型。
方法
本研究对约150名临床教育工作者进行了调查，询问他们在三年级医学生和一年级住院医师中观察到的启发式错误类型。
结果
锚定和过早闭合是在三年级医学生和一年级住院医师中观察到的两种最常见的错误。两组中观察到的错误类型没有差异。临床推理中的错误会导致患者发病和死亡。
结论
临床教育工作者认为三年级医学生和一年级住院医师犯了类似的启发式错误，这意味着额外的医学知识和临床经验不会影响所犯启发式错误的类型。需要进一步开展工作，以帮助确定可用于在临床医生教育早期减少启发式错误的方法。
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