The coordinate synthesis and cotranslational assembly of type I procollagen.

Nascent polysome-associated type I procollagen pro-alpha-chains isolated from chick embryo tendon fibroblasts were examined for their proteinase resistance. The distribution of chain sizes and their proteinase resistance were also determined following chain elongation in an in vitro readout system in the absence of chain initiation factors. Chains were labeled with [14C]proline in the cells and with [3H]proline in the readout system. Differences in the ratios of 14C to 3H in the double-labeled nascent chains before and after chymotryptic digestion, determined by slicing and counting polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis, permitted analysis of the relative stabilities of in vivo and in vitro elongated portions of the chains. In confirmation of earlier work, the polysome-bound nascent procollagen contained chymotrypsin, chymotrypsin plus trypsin, and pepsin-resistant alpha-chain size components. The readout system data showed that the full length chains produced in the cell were more resistant to digestion than the fully elongated readout-completed chains. The protease resistance of the chains was taken to indicate the registration of the chains prior to the induction of helix formation during the isolation procedure. These data support the model in which chain selection and folding are facilitated by the organization of the attachment of the ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum surface.