减少用于防治阿根廷蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）的农药径流的实用害虫管理策略

Greenberg Les, Rust Michael K, Richards Jaben, Wu Xiaoqin, Kabashima John, Wilen Cheryl, Gan Jay, Choe Dong-Hwan

Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521.

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521.

J Econ Entomol. 2014 Dec;107(6):2147-53. doi: 10.1603/EC14097.

The purpose of this study was to involve pest management professionals in the design of application techniques and strategies that would be efficacious and also reduce insecticide runoff. Our study involved measuring both the efficacy of treatments for the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), and the concurrent runoff of fipronil and pyrethroids. Two collaborating companies used low-impact protocols for controlling ants while minimizing runoff. Protocol 1 involved bimonthly treatments, while Protocol 2 was monthly. Both protocols involved an initial treatment with a fipronil spray around the foundation. At the garage door-driveway interface, the fipronil application was done as a pin stream for Protocol 1, and as a crack and crevice application in the expansion joint near the garage for Protocol 2. Protocol 1 replaced most pyrethroid sprays with bifenthrin granules placed around bushes and away from the driveway. For the next treatment on day 63, Protocol 1 also included cyfluthrin spray treatments around the house foundation and crack and crevice applications around the edge of the driveway. For the first treatment in Protocol 2, the fipronil spray was supplemented with spot treatments of cyfluthrin. For subsequent Protocol 2 treatments, botanical insecticides were applied. For weeks 1 and 2 posttreatment combined, Protocol 1 had significantly higher reductions in ant numbers compared with Protocol 2. Thereafter there were no significant differences between the protocols. Runoff of bifenthrin from the granules used with Protocol 1 was much lower than in previous trials involving bifenthrin sprays. Day 1 fipronil runoff for Protocol 2 was significantly lower than that for Protocol 1. This difference may be because of the crack and crevice application applied in Protocol 2. Cyfluthrin runoff was minimal for Protocol 2, which involved spot treatments to supplement the fipronil on day 1, or the botanical insecticides for subsequent treatments. Protocol 1 had a large peak of cyfluthrin runoff at day 63 corresponding to their house and driveway treatments.

本研究的目的是让害虫管理专业人员参与应用技术和策略的设计，这些技术和策略既要有效，又要减少杀虫剂径流。我们的研究包括测量对阿根廷蚁（Linepithema humile (Mayr)）的处理效果以及氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯的同步径流。两家合作公司采用低影响方案来控制蚂蚁，同时尽量减少径流。方案1每两个月进行一次处理，而方案2是每月进行一次。两个方案都包括在建筑物基础周围先用氟虫腈喷雾进行初次处理。在车库门与车道的交界处，方案1的氟虫腈应用采用细流状，方案2则在车库附近伸缩缝处进行缝隙处理。方案1用放置在灌木丛周围且远离车道的联苯菊酯颗粒取代了大部分拟除虫菊酯喷雾。在第63天的下一次处理时，方案1还包括在房屋基础周围进行氯氟氰菊酯喷雾处理以及在车道边缘进行缝隙处理。在方案2的第一次处理中，氟虫腈喷雾辅以氯氟氰菊酯的点喷处理。对于方案2的后续处理，施用植物源杀虫剂。在处理后的第1周和第2周合并计算时，方案1的蚂蚁数量减少幅度显著高于方案2。此后，两个方案之间没有显著差异。方案1使用的颗粒中联苯菊酯的径流远低于之前涉及联苯菊酯喷雾的试验。方案2第1天的氟虫腈径流显著低于方案1。这种差异可能是由于方案2采用了缝隙处理。方案2的氯氟氰菊酯径流极少，方案2在第1天用点喷处理来补充氟虫腈，后续处理则使用植物源杀虫剂。方案1在第63天有一个氯氟氰菊酯径流的大峰值，对应于其房屋和车道处理。