Sokolov M, Velev G, Maslyankov S, Toshev Sv, Angelov K, Gribnev P, Vasileva M, Khayat N, Todorov G
Khirurgiia (Sofiia). 2015;81(1):4-10.
Retroperitoneal tumors, in general, are rare tumors which histopathological characteristics and biological behavior can be considered as benign or malignant. They originate from various tissue elements located in the retroperitoneal space. They often cover Anatomical structures of varying importance - mainly retroperitoneal vessels and organs, which determines the type of surgery - radical or palliative. They are composed of adipose tissue, vascular elements, smooth and striated muscle, neural elements germline structures. There are three main types of retroperitoneal tumors: mesodermal, neurogenic and teratosarcomas. As mentioned above each can be either benign and malignant. In most cases there are no specific symptoms except general weakness, heaviness in the abdomen, loss of appetite, progressive weight loss, headache and fever. The pain is most often located in the lumbosacral area. The tumor can also cause disturbances in urination. In patients with advanced stage can be observed significantly symmetrical or asymmetrical tumor growth in the abdominal area. The most commonly used techniques for the diagnosis of the disease are X-ray, CT-scan and MRI.
Retrospective study involving 112 cases operated in the clinic for 14-years period (2000-2014) - 101 patients, 11 of them were operated on twice in a different time interval on the occasion of relapsed malignant process.
Out of all operated cases, 42% are males (47 cases) and 58% - women (65 cases). In most cases (72% - 81 cases) tumors are malignant. All patients were treated surgically. There were followed up a total of 89 patients over a period of 3 months to 8 years (96 months) as of the studied malignant cases 3 year survival was observed in 21 patients, and one patient has survived 96 months after total extirpation of fibrosarcoma. Early postoperative mortality (till 20th postoperative day) was registered in 3 patients - 2.67% of all operated cases.
About 80% of primary retroperitoneal extra-organ tumors are generally malignant. People of all ages are affected equally and no statistically significant difference in the number of men and women is detected. There are many theories about the emergence of retroperitoneal tumors, but currently none of them has not been fully proven. Treatment depends on the type of the lesion. Surgery is the main approach and it should be applied to both benign and malignant lesions. In the case of malignancy other methods than surgical are chemo- and radiotherapy but they are less effective.
腹膜后肿瘤总体上是罕见肿瘤，其组织病理学特征和生物学行为可被视为良性或恶性。它们起源于腹膜后间隙中的各种组织成分。它们常常覆盖不同重要性的解剖结构——主要是腹膜后血管和器官，这决定了手术类型——根治性或姑息性。它们由脂肪组织、血管成分、平滑肌和横纹肌、神经成分、胚系结构组成。腹膜后肿瘤主要有三种类型：中胚层肿瘤、神经源性肿瘤和畸胎肉瘤。如上所述，每种类型都可能是良性或恶性。在大多数情况下，除了全身乏力、腹部沉重感、食欲不振、体重逐渐减轻、头痛和发热外，没有特定症状。疼痛最常位于腰骶部区域。肿瘤还可导致排尿障碍。在晚期患者中，可观察到腹部明显对称或不对称的肿瘤生长。诊断该病最常用的技术是X线、CT扫描和MRI。
回顾性研究涉及在该诊所14年期间（2000 - 2014年）接受手术的112例病例——101例患者，其中11例因恶性肿瘤复发在不同时间间隔接受了两次手术。
在所有接受手术的病例中，42%为男性（47例），58%为女性（65例）。在大多数情况下（72%，即81例）肿瘤为恶性。所有患者均接受了手术治疗。对总共89例患者进行了3个月至8年（96个月）的随访，在所研究的恶性病例中，21例患者观察到3年生存率，1例患者在纤维肉瘤完全切除后存活了96个月。3例患者出现早期术后死亡（至术后第20天）——占所有手术病例的2.67%。
大约80%的原发性腹膜后器官外肿瘤通常是恶性的。各年龄段人群受影响程度相同，未检测到男性和女性数量上的统计学显著差异。关于腹膜后肿瘤的发生有许多理论，但目前没有一种理论得到充分证实。治疗取决于病变类型。手术是主要方法，应适用于良性和恶性病变。对于恶性肿瘤，除手术外的其他方法是化疗和放疗，但效果较差。
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