Hiscox A, Hirooka R, Vongphayloth K, Hill N, Lindsay S W, Grandadam M, Brey P T
Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos.
Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K.
Med Vet Entomol. 2016 Mar;30(1):95-100. doi: 10.1111/mve.12142. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
During the resettlement of 6500 persons living around the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in Laos, more than 1200 pour-flush latrines were constructed. To assess the role of these latrines as productive larval habitats for mosquitoes, entomological investigations using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, visual inspection and emergence trapping were carried out in over 300 latrines during the rainy seasons of 2008-2010. Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) were nine times more likely to be found in latrines (mean catch: 3.09) than in adjacent bedrooms (mean catch: 0.37) [odds ratio (OR) 9.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.74-15.11] and mosquitoes were active in and around 59% of latrines at dusk. Armigeres subalbatus was strongly associated with latrines with damaged or improperly sealed septic tank covers (OR 5.44, 95% CI 2.02-14.67; P < 0.001). Armigeres subalbatus is a nuisance biter and a putative vector of Japanese encephalitis and dengue viruses. Dengue virus serotype 3 was identified from a single pool of non-blood-fed female A. subalbatus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Maintaining a good seal around septic tanks by covering them with a layer of soil is a simple intervention to block mosquito exit/entry and contribute to vector control in resettlement villages. The scale-up of this simple, cheap intervention would have global impact in preventing the colonization of septic tanks by nuisance biting and disease-transmitting mosquitoes.
在老挝南屯2水电站项目周边6500人的重新安置过程中，共建造了1200多个冲水式厕所。为评估这些厕所作为蚊子滋生幼虫的有效栖息地的作用，在2008 - 2010年雨季期间，使用疾病控制中心（CDC）诱蚊灯、目视检查和羽化诱捕等方法，对300多个厕所进行了昆虫学调查。在厕所中发现骚扰阿蚊（双翅目：蚊科）的可能性是相邻卧室的9倍（平均捕获量：3.09只对比0.37只）[优势比（OR）9.08，95%置信区间（CI）6.74 - 15.11]，并且在黄昏时，59%的厕所内外都有蚊子活动。骚扰阿蚊与化粪池盖损坏或密封不当的厕所密切相关（OR 5.44，95% CI 2.02 - 14.67；P < 0.001）。骚扰阿蚊是一种骚扰性叮咬蚊，也是日本脑炎病毒和登革病毒的假定传播媒介。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应，从单个未吸血雌性骚扰阿蚊样本中鉴定出了登革热病毒3型。用一层土覆盖化粪池以保持良好的密封，是一种简单的干预措施，可阻止蚊子进出，有助于安置村庄的病媒控制。扩大这种简单、廉价干预措施的规模，将对防止骚扰性叮咬和传播疾病的蚊子在化粪池中滋生产生全球影响。
