Zhu Jia, Chan Yee-Ming
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2015 Dec;44(4):821-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.07.011. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
Delayed puberty presenting with low gonadotropins has multiple causes. Self-limited delay (constitutional delay) is generally considered benign, but adult height and bone mineral density may be compromised, and fertility has not been studied. Functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to a stressor is thought to resolve with removal of the stressor, but reproductive endocrine dysfunction can sometimes persist. Most but not all patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a typically long-lasting condition, can achieve fertility with exogenous hormone therapy. Future studies are needed to determine fertility outcomes in self-limited delayed puberty and to more clearly define prognostic factors for fertility in functional and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
伴有低促性腺激素的青春期延迟有多种原因。自限性延迟(体质性延迟)通常被认为是良性的,但成人身高和骨矿物质密度可能会受到影响,且生育能力尚未得到研究。由应激源导致的功能性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退被认为在去除应激源后会得到缓解,但生殖内分泌功能障碍有时可能会持续存在。大多数(但并非全部)特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退患者(这是一种典型的持久性疾病)可通过外源性激素治疗实现生育。未来需要开展研究以确定自限性青春期延迟患者的生育结局,并更明确地界定功能性和特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退患者生育的预后因素。