Water and Health Laboratory, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
Water and Health Laboratory, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Feb 1;543(Pt A):505-513. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.031. Epub 2015 Nov 21.
Non-iodo-containing trihalomethanes (TTHM) are frequently detected in chlorinated tap water and currently regulated against their carcinogenic potential. Iodinated THM (ITHM) may also form in disinfected with chlorine waters that are high in iodine content, but little is known about their magnitude and variability within the drinking-water pipe distribution network of urban areas. The main objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and variability of ITHM and TTHM levels and their corresponding daily intake estimates within the drinking water distribution systems of Limassol and Nicosia cities of Cyprus, using tap samples collected from individual households (n=37). In Limassol, mean household tap water ITHM and TTHM levels was 0.58 and 38 μg L(-1), respectively. Dichloroiodomethane (DCIM) was the dominant species of the two measured ITHM compounds accounting for 77% of total ITHM and in the range of 0.032 and 1.65 μg L(-1). The range of DCIM concentrations in Nicosia tap water samples was narrower (0.032 - 0.848 μg L(-1)). Mean total iodine concentration in tap water samples from the seaside city of Limassol was 15 μg L(-1) and approximately twice to those observed in samples from the mainland Nicosia city. However, iodine concentrations did not correlate with the ITHM levels. The calculated chronic daily intake rates of ITHM were low when compared with those of TTHM, but because of their widespread occurrence in tap water and their enhanced mammalian cell toxicity, additional research is warranted to assess the magnitude and variability of human ITHM exposures.
不含碘的三卤甲烷（TTHM）经常在氯化自来水中被检测到，目前针对其致癌潜力进行了监管。含碘的三卤甲烷（ITHM）也可能在高碘含量的氯消毒水中形成，但关于其在城市供水管网中的程度和可变性知之甚少。本研究的主要目的是确定塞浦路斯利马索尔和尼科西亚两个城市供水中 ITHM 和 TTHM 水平及其相应的日摄入量估计值的程度和可变性，使用从各个家庭采集的龙头水样本（n=37）。在利马索尔，家庭龙头水的 ITHM 和 TTHM 水平分别为 0.58 和 38μg/L。二氯碘甲烷（DCIM）是两种测量的 ITHM 化合物中占主导地位的物种，占总 ITHM 的 77%，范围为 0.032 至 1.65μg/L。尼科西亚龙头水样本中 DCIM 浓度范围较窄（0.032-0.848μg/L）。位于海滨的利马索尔市龙头水样本中的总碘浓度平均为 15μg/L，是大陆尼科西亚市样本的两倍左右。然而，碘浓度与 ITHM 水平没有相关性。与 TTHM 相比，计算出的 ITHM 慢性日摄入量较低，但由于它们在自来水中广泛存在及其对哺乳动物细胞毒性的增强，需要进行更多的研究来评估人类 ITHM 暴露的程度和可变性。
