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青年与老年成年人的焦虑敏感性、经验性回避和正念:焦虑症状风险因素的年龄差异

Anxiety Sensitivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Mindfulness Among Younger and Older Adults: Age Differences in Risk Factors for Anxiety Symptoms.

作者信息

Mahoney Colin T, Segal Daniel L, Coolidge Frederick L

机构信息

University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.

University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

出版信息

Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2015 Oct;81(4):217-40. doi: 10.1177/0091415015621309. Epub 2015 Dec 16.

Abstract

In this cross-sectional study, we examined age-related differences in anxiety sensitivity (AS), experiential avoidance (EA), and mindfulness among younger adult students (N=426; M age=20.1 years) and community-dwelling older adults (N=85; M age=71.8 years). Participants anonymously completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Independent t tests indicated that younger adults reported significantly higher levels of AS and EA, whereas older adults reported significantly higher levels of trait mindfulness. Correlational analyses demonstrated that AS and EA were significantly associated with each other and with anxiety-related symptoms. However, trait mindfulness was significantly inversely related to AS, EA, and to trait and state anxiety. To date, these three factors have yet to be examined simultaneously within the context of age differences, and the present study illuminates these differences as well as their relationships. AS, EA, and low mindfulness appear to be significant correlates for anxiety-related symptoms in younger and older adults.

摘要

在这项横断面研究中,我们考察了年轻成年学生(N = 426;平均年龄 = 20.1岁)和社区居住的老年人(N = 85;平均年龄 = 71.8岁)在焦虑敏感性(AS)、经验性回避(EA)和正念方面与年龄相关的差异。参与者匿名完成了焦虑敏感性指数-3、接受与行动问卷-II、正念注意觉知量表、肯塔基正念技能量表、贝克焦虑量表、老年焦虑量表和状态-特质焦虑量表。独立t检验表明,年轻成年人报告的AS和EA水平显著更高,而老年人报告的特质正念水平显著更高。相关分析表明,AS和EA相互之间以及与焦虑相关症状显著相关。然而,特质正念与AS、EA以及特质和状态焦虑显著负相关。迄今为止,这三个因素尚未在年龄差异的背景下同时进行考察,而本研究阐明了这些差异及其关系。AS、EA和低正念似乎是年轻和老年成年人焦虑相关症状的重要相关因素。

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