Ohishi Tomokazu, Koga Fumitaka, Migita Toshiro
Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan.
Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec 29;17(1):43. doi: 10.3390/ijms17010043.
Bladder cancer (BC), the most common cancer arising from the human urinary tract, consists of two major clinicopathological phenotypes: muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MIBC frequently metastasizes and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. A certain proportion of patients with metastatic BC can achieve a remission with systemic chemotherapy; however, the disease relapses in most cases. Evidence suggests that MIBC comprises a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may be resistant to these treatments and may be able to form new tumors in the bladder or other organs. Therefore, the unambiguous identification of bladder CSCs and the development of targeted therapies are urgently needed. Nevertheless, it remains unclear where bladder CSCs originate and how they are generated. We review recent studies on bladder CSCs, specifically focusing on their proposed origin and the possible therapeutic options based on the CSC theory.
膀胱癌（BC）是人类泌尿系统最常见的癌症，由两种主要的临床病理表型组成：肌层浸润性膀胱癌（MIBC）和非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）。MIBC常发生转移，预后不良。一定比例的转移性BC患者可通过全身化疗实现缓解；然而，在大多数情况下疾病会复发。有证据表明，MIBC包含一小部分癌症干细胞（CSC），这些细胞可能对这些治疗具有抗性，并且可能能够在膀胱或其他器官中形成新的肿瘤。因此，迫切需要明确鉴定膀胱CSC并开发靶向治疗方法。然而，膀胱CSC的起源以及它们是如何产生的仍不清楚。我们综述了最近关于膀胱CSC的研究，特别关注其假定的起源以及基于CSC理论的可能治疗选择。
