Tamagawa S
Dept. of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1989 Aug;16(8 Pt 1):2501-12.
The characteristics of the main route of HIV transmission today depends on life styles. But, in any country, it will be concentrated on the route of sexual intercourse and habitual intravenous injection of drug abusers, after education programs are in place. Epidemiological studies on HIV-II show that 21% of prostitutes in Cote d'Ivoire have antibody to HIV-II, and 0.3% of blood donors live in the high risk area in Paris. In the USA 4 AIDS patients with HIV-II infection were recognized by this February. Immunological cross reactions are seen between p26 from HIV-I and that from HIV-II, but, g140, p34 and p18 show different antigenicities. These antigens have being studied for developing vaccine. Recent studies show the usefulness of detecting antibody to accessory gene products, especially nef gene derived, for confirmation of HIV infection in the early clinical stage. HIV antigen shows the activity to control the function of plasmid which is introduced to the cell. That means HIV antigen works as a promoter in the infected cell. Anti-HIV agents have been studied from view points of inhibition of virus absorption to cell surface, activities of cell membrane, uncoating of virus in the infected cell, reading of virus gene and stage of virus maturation.
如今，艾滋病毒主要传播途径的特点取决于生活方式。但是，在任何国家，在实施教育项目之后，其传播途径都将集中在性交途径以及吸毒者习惯性静脉注射途径。对HIV-II的流行病学研究表明，科特迪瓦21%的妓女有HIV-II抗体，巴黎高危地区0.3%的献血者携带该抗体。在美国，截至今年2月已确认4例感染HIV-II的艾滋病患者。HIV-I的p26与HIV-II的p26之间存在免疫交叉反应，但是，g140、p34和p18显示出不同的抗原性。目前正在对这些抗原进行研究以开发疫苗。最近的研究表明，检测辅助基因产物，尤其是nef基因衍生的抗体，对于在临床早期确认HIV感染很有用。HIV抗原显示出控制导入细胞的质粒功能的活性。这意味着HIV抗原在受感染细胞中起启动子的作用。已经从抑制病毒吸附到细胞表面、细胞膜活性、受感染细胞中病毒脱壳、病毒基因读取以及病毒成熟阶段等角度研究了抗HIV药物。
