Braun U, Schweizer A
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2015 Feb;157(2):87-95. doi: 10.17236/sat00007.
The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of ultrasonographic assessment of reticuloruminal motility in 45 healthy cows. The transducers of five ultrasound machines were connected to a digital video recorder and placed simultaneously at five sites on the left side of the cows to scan the reticulorumen (reticulum; ruminal atrium; dorsal sac of the rumen; left longitudinal groove; ruminal recess, caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs). The video streams from all five ultrasound machines were recorded synchronously with the same time line and displayed on a single monitor. Time 0 was defined as the start of a biphasic reticular contraction. The reticulum was visualised in all cows and had 11.0 ± 2.12 biphasic contractions in 9 min. The ruminal atrium was visualised in 40 (89%) cows and had 10.7 ± 2.10 contractions in 9 min, which started at the time point 5.0 ± 0.83 sec and lasted 7.0 ± 2.14 sec. Contractions of the dorsal sac of the rumen, visible in all cows, were visualised in 29 (64%) cows. There were 9.5 ± 1.8 contractions in 9 min that started at the time point 4.0 ± 0.85 sec and lasted 8.2 ± 1.04 sec. The left longitudinal groove was seen contracting in 39 (87%) cows. There were 10.2 ± 1.98 contractions in 9 min that started at the time point 4.1 ± 1.81 sec and lasted 7.8 ± 1.19 sec. Contractions of the ventral sac of the rumen (ruminal recess) were seen in 31 (69%) cows. There were 7.5 ± 2.59 contractions in 9 min that started at the time point 14.3 ± 4.30 sec. Contractions of the caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs were seen in 34 (76%) cows. There were 9.0 ± 2.75 (1.0 ± 0.31) contractions/min and 9.4 ± 2.09 (1.0 ± 0.23) contractions/min of the dorsal and ventral blind sacs, and they started at the time points 6.2 ± 1.32 sec and 21.3 ± 6.20 sec, respectively. Primary contraction cycles were seen in all cows and secondary cycles in 22 (49%) cows. The former were complete in 37 (82%) cows and incomplete in 8 (18%). There were 11.0 ± 2.12 primary and 4.5 ± 2.15 secondary cycles in 9 min, and the ratio between primary and secondary cycles averaged 2.4:1. Ultrasonography is suitable for the assessment of reticuloruminal motility
本研究的目的是调查超声评估45头健康奶牛网瘤胃运动的可行性。五台超声设备的探头连接到一台数字录像机上，并同时放置在奶牛左侧的五个部位，以扫描网瘤胃（网胃；瘤胃前庭；瘤胃背囊；左纵沟；瘤胃隐窝、尾背侧和尾腹侧盲囊）。来自所有五台超声设备的视频流与同一时间线同步记录，并显示在一台显示器上。时间0定义为网胃双相收缩的开始。所有奶牛的网胃均能清晰显示，在9分钟内有11.0±2.12次双相收缩。40头（89%）奶牛的瘤胃前庭能清晰显示，在9分钟内有10.7±2.10次收缩，开始时间为5.0±0.83秒，持续时间为7.0±2.14秒。所有奶牛的瘤胃背囊收缩均能清晰显示，29头（64%）奶牛的瘤胃背囊收缩能清晰显示。在9分钟内有9.5±1.8次收缩，开始时间为4.0±0.85秒，持续时间为8.2±1.04秒。39头（87%）奶牛的左纵沟可见收缩。在9分钟内有10.2±1.98次收缩，开始时间为4.1±1.81秒，持续时间为7.8±1.19秒。31头（69%）奶牛的瘤胃腹囊（瘤胃隐窝）可见收缩。在9分钟内有7.5±2.59次收缩，开始时间为14.3±4.30秒。34头（76%）奶牛的尾背侧和尾腹侧盲囊可见收缩。背侧和腹侧盲囊的收缩频率分别为9.0±2.75（1.0±0.31）次/分钟和9.4±2.09（1.0±0.23）次/分钟，开始时间分别为6.2±1.32秒和21.3±6.20秒。所有奶牛均可见初级收缩周期，22头（49%）奶牛可见次级周期。前者在37头（82%）奶牛中完整，在8头（18%）奶牛中不完整。在9分钟内有11.0±2.12个初级周期和4.5±2.15个次级周期，初级和次级周期的平均比例为2.4:1。超声检查适用于评估网瘤胃运动。
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