Van Tricht K, Lhermitte S, Lenaerts J T M, Gorodetskaya I V, L'Ecuyer T S, Noël B, van den Broeke M R, Turner D D, van Lipzig N P M
KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht-Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CC, The Netherlands.
Nat Commun. 2016 Jan 12;7:10266. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10266.
The Greenland ice sheet has become one of the main contributors to global sea level rise, predominantly through increased meltwater runoff. The main drivers of Greenland ice sheet runoff, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that clouds enhance meltwater runoff by about one-third relative to clear skies, using a unique combination of active satellite observations, climate model data and snow model simulations. This impact results from a cloud radiative effect of 29.5 (±5.2) W m(-2). Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, the Greenland ice sheet responds to this energy through a new pathway by which clouds reduce meltwater refreezing as opposed to increasing surface melt directly, thereby accelerating bare-ice exposure and enhancing meltwater runoff. The high sensitivity of the Greenland ice sheet to both ice-only and liquid-bearing clouds highlights the need for accurate cloud representations in climate models, to better predict future contributions of the Greenland ice sheet to global sea level rise.
格陵兰冰盖已成为全球海平面上升的主要贡献者之一，主要是通过增加融水径流。然而，格陵兰冰盖径流的主要驱动因素仍知之甚少。在此，我们利用主动卫星观测、气候模型数据和雪模型模拟的独特组合表明，与晴空相比，云层使融水径流增加了约三分之一。这种影响源于29.5（±5.2）W m(-2)的云辐射效应。然而，与传统观点相反，格陵兰冰盖通过一种新途径对这种能量做出反应，即云层减少融水再冻结，而不是直接增加地表融化，从而加速裸冰暴露并增强融水径流。格陵兰冰盖对纯冰云和含液云层都具有高敏感性，这凸显了气候模型中准确表示云层的必要性，以便更好地预测格陵兰冰盖未来对全球海平面上升的贡献。
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