Stauber W T
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1989;17:157-85.
Eccentric muscle action deserves special consideration from the standpoint of physiology, adaptation, and training. The function of muscles as shock absorbers or springs seems to be quite different from other actions described in classical descriptions of muscle biology. This uniqueness certainly requires a more careful understanding of muscle as a unit consisting of myofibers and fascia which may work together or in opposition in response to chronic or acute stimuli. In addition, the stretch-shortening cycle is a special case of its own. However, from the standpoint of maximum human performance, there remain tremendous gaps in our understanding of the role of eccentric muscle action and its use in athletic training. How much is good? Does microfibrosis represent a problem of overtraining and eventually limit performance, or is it advantageous for success? Is the body-builder really developing muscle or connective tissue separating muscles? How does eccentric muscle action sometimes produce pain but not always? It would appear that much work is needed before a complete understanding of eccentric muscle action is obtained. This brief review has been designed to encourage research, argument, and discussion.
从生理学、适应性和训练的角度来看，离心肌肉动作值得特别关注。肌肉作为减震器或弹簧的功能似乎与经典肌肉生物学描述中所提及的其他动作有很大不同。这种独特性无疑需要我们更深入地理解肌肉这一由肌纤维和筋膜组成的单元，它们可能会根据慢性或急性刺激协同工作或相互对抗。此外，拉长缩短周期本身就是一种特殊情况。然而，从人类最佳表现的角度来看，我们对离心肌肉动作的作用及其在运动训练中的应用的理解仍存在巨大差距。多少才是合适的？微纤维化是代表过度训练的问题并最终限制表现，还是对成功有利？健美运动员真的在锻炼肌肉还是在发展分隔肌肉的结缔组织？离心肌肉动作为何有时会产生疼痛而有时不会？在全面理解离心肌肉动作之前，似乎还需要做大量工作。这篇简短的综述旨在鼓励研究、争论和讨论。
