Tegelbeckers Jana, Schares Laura, Lederer Annette, Bonath Bjoern, Flechtner Hans-Henning, Krauel Kerstin
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain SciencesMagdeburg, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jan 5;6:1970. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01970. eCollection 2015.
Task-irrelevant salient stimuli involuntarily capture attention and can lead to distraction from an ongoing task, especially in children with ADHD. However, there has been tentative evidence that the presentation of novel sounds can have beneficial effects on cognitive performance. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the influence of novel sounds compared to no sound and a repeatedly presented standard sound on attentional performance in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. We therefore had 32 patients with ADHD and 32 typically developing children and adolescents (8 to 13 years) execute a flanker task in which each trial was preceded either by a repeatedly presented standard sound (33%), an unrepeated novel sound (33%) or no auditory stimulation (33%). Task-irrelevant novel sounds facilitated attentional performance similarly in children with and without ADHD, as indicated by reduced omission error rates, reaction times, and reaction time variability without compromising performance accuracy. By contrast, standard sounds, while also reducing omission error rates and reaction times, led to increased commission error rates. Therefore, the beneficial effect of novel sounds exceeds cueing of the target display by potentially increased alerting and/or enhanced behavioral control.
与任务无关的显著刺激会不由自主地吸引注意力，并可能导致在进行中的任务中分心，尤其是在患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童中。然而，已有初步证据表明，新颖声音的呈现可能对认知表现有有益影响。在本研究中，我们旨在调查与无声音以及反复呈现的标准声音相比，新颖声音对患有和未患有ADHD的儿童及青少年注意力表现的影响。因此，我们让32名患有ADHD的患者以及32名发育正常的儿童和青少年（8至13岁）执行一项侧翼任务，在每次试验之前，要么是反复呈现的标准声音（33%），要么是未重复的新颖声音（33%），要么是无听觉刺激（33%）。与任务无关的新颖声音在患有和未患有ADHD的儿童中对注意力表现的促进作用相似，表现为遗漏错误率、反应时间和反应时间变异性降低，而不影响表现准确性。相比之下，标准声音虽然也降低了遗漏错误率和反应时间，但导致了错误接受率增加。因此，新颖声音的有益效果可能通过潜在地提高警觉性和/或增强行为控制而超过目标显示的提示作用。
