Guo Jiahua, Sinclair Chris J, Selby Katherine, Boxall Alistair B A
Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom.
Fera Science, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2016 Jun;35(6):1550-9. doi: 10.1002/etc.3319. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Approximately 1500 active pharmaceutical ingredients are currently in use; however, the environmental occurrence and impacts of only a small proportion of these have been investigated. Recognizing that it would be impractical to monitor and assess all pharmaceuticals that are in use, several previous studies have proposed the use of prioritization approaches to identify substances of most concern so that resources can be focused on these. All of these previous approaches suffer from limitations. In the present study, the authors draw on experience from previous prioritization exercises and present a holistic approach for prioritizing pharmaceuticals in the environment in terms of risks to aquatic and soil organisms, avian and mammalian wildlife, and humans. The approach considers both apical ecotoxicological endpoints as well as potential nonapical effects related to the therapeutic mode of action. Application of the approach is illustrated for 146 active pharmaceuticals that are used either in the community or in hospital settings in the United Kingdom. Using the approach, 16 compounds were identified as a potential priority. These substances include compounds belonging to the antibiotic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and estrogen classes as well as associated metabolites. In the future, the prioritization approach should be applied more broadly around the different regions of the world. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1550-1559. © 2016 SETAC.
目前大约有1500种活性药物成分正在使用；然而，对其中只有一小部分的环境存在情况及其影响进行了研究。由于认识到监测和评估所有正在使用的药物是不切实际的，此前的几项研究提出采用优先排序方法来确定最受关注的物质，以便能够将资源集中于此。所有这些先前的方法都存在局限性。在本研究中，作者借鉴了先前优先排序工作的经验，并提出了一种整体方法，以便根据对水生生物和土壤生物、鸟类和哺乳动物野生动物以及人类的风险，对环境中的药物进行优先排序。该方法既考虑了顶端生态毒理学终点，也考虑了与治疗作用方式相关的潜在非顶端效应。以英国社区或医院使用的146种活性药物为例说明了该方法的应用。使用该方法，确定了16种化合物为潜在优先物质。这些物质包括属于抗生素、抗抑郁药、抗炎药、抗糖尿病药、减肥药和雌激素类别的化合物以及相关代谢物。未来，应在世界不同地区更广泛地应用这种优先排序方法。《环境毒理学与化学》2016年；35:1550 - 1559。© 2016 SETAC。
