Loureiro Ana, Azoia Nuno G, Gomes Andreia C, Cavaco-Paulo Artur
CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(10):1371-90. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160125114900.
Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to medicine, is being increasingly used to improve and exploit the advantages of efficient drug delivery. Different nanodevices have been developed in recent years, among them protein-based nanoparticles which have gained considerable interest. Albumin is a versatile protein carrier with several characteristics that make it an ideal candidate for drug delivery, such as its availability, its biocompatibility, its biodegradability, and its lack of toxicity and immunogenicity. This review embodies an overview of different methods available for production of albumin-based nanoparticles, with focus on high-energy emulsification methods. A comparison between production by using sonication, which involves acoustic cavitation, and the high pressure homogenization method, where occurs hydrodynamic cavitation, is presented. Taking into account important properties of nanoparticles required for intravenous administration, the use of poloxamers, tri-block copolymer surfactants is discussed as it improves blood circulation time and bioavailability of nanoparticles. Thus, nanoparticles can be engineered to provide adequate features to therapeutic applications, in which can be included surface functionalization with targeting agents. Different albumin-based formulations and their therapeutic applications are presented in this review, with emphasis on applications in cancer therapy, where albumin-based strategies are promising for targeted drug delivery in innovative clinical strategies.
纳米医学，即将纳米技术应用于医学，正越来越多地用于改善和利用高效药物递送的优势。近年来已开发出不同的纳米装置，其中基于蛋白质的纳米颗粒引起了广泛关注。白蛋白是一种多功能蛋白质载体，具有多种使其成为药物递送理想候选者的特性，例如其可得性、生物相容性、生物可降解性以及缺乏毒性和免疫原性。本综述概述了用于生产基于白蛋白的纳米颗粒的不同方法，重点是高能乳化方法。介绍了使用涉及声空化的超声处理和发生流体动力空化的高压均质化方法进行生产之间的比较。考虑到静脉内给药所需纳米颗粒的重要特性，讨论了泊洛沙姆（一种三嵌段共聚物表面活性剂）的使用，因为它可改善纳米颗粒的血液循环时间和生物利用度。因此，可以对纳米颗粒进行设计，以提供适用于治疗应用的特性，其中可包括用靶向剂进行表面功能化。本综述介绍了不同的基于白蛋白的制剂及其治疗应用，重点是癌症治疗中的应用，其中基于白蛋白的策略在创新临床策略中有望实现靶向药物递送。
