[从医院感染中分离出的病原体的抗菌药物耐药性趋势]

[Antimicrobial resistance trends in pathogens isolated from nosocomial infections].

作者信息

Rincón-León Héctor A, Navarro-Fuentes Karla R

机构信息

Coordinación Delegacional de Investigación, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.

出版信息

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2016 Jan-Feb;54(1):32-41.

PMID:26820196

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The treatment of nosocomial infections is hindered by the increasing antimicrobial resistance pattern of germs that cause them. The objective was to assess trends in resistance of bacteria isolated from nosocomial infections.

METHODS

Retrospective study from 2009 to 2012 on a third level hospital in Chiapas.

RESULTS

1300 germs were obtained, 62.3 % Gram negative bacteria, 22.8 % Gram positive and 14.9 % yeasts; imipenem resistance of P. aeruginosa went from 47.1 to 60.5 %, E. coli showed an increased resistance to aztreonam, cefepime and ceftazidime, A. baumannii increased resistance to amikacin, cefepime, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella pneumoniae decreased its resistance to amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam; vancomycin resistance ranges from 3.6 to 25.5 %.

CONCLUSION

Gram negative organisms predominated, showing increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. There was a proportional increase in the incidence of infection from E. coli, C. tropicalis and S. haemolyticus. It is essential to have programs and plans for the rational and evidence-based use of antimicrobials, as well as dissemination and adherence to clinical practice guidelines and the implementation of innovative programs for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections, isolation techniques and general care.

摘要

背景

医院感染的治疗因引发感染的病菌抗菌耐药模式不断增加而受到阻碍。目的是评估从医院感染中分离出的细菌的耐药趋势。

方法

对恰帕斯州一家三级医院2009年至2012年进行回顾性研究。

结果

共获得1300株病菌，其中革兰氏阴性菌占62.3%，革兰氏阳性菌占22.8%，酵母菌占14.9%；铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率从47.1%升至60.5%，大肠埃希菌对氨曲南、头孢吡肟和头孢他啶的耐药性增加，鲍曼不动杆菌对阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶和环丙沙星的耐药性增加。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药性降低；万古霉素耐药率在3.6%至25.5%之间。