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对美国犹他州塞恩斯组海相沉积中记录的早三叠世斯密斯阶-斯帕斯阶碳同位素偏移的成岩作用控制。

A diagenetic control on the Early Triassic Smithian-Spathian carbon isotopic excursions recorded in the marine settings of the Thaynes Group (Utah, USA).

作者信息

Thomazo C, Vennin E, Brayard A, Bour I, Mathieu O, Elmeknassi S, Olivier N, Escarguel G, Bylund K G, Jenks J, Stephen D A, Fara E

机构信息

UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.

Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal - CNRS - IRD, OPGC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

出版信息

Geobiology. 2016 May;14(3):220-36. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12174. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

Abstract

In the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction, Early Triassic sediments record some of the largest Phanerozoic carbon isotopic excursions. Among them, a global Smithian-negative carbonate carbon isotope excursion has been identified, followed by an abrupt increase across the Smithian-Spathian boundary (SSB; ~250.8 Myr ago). This chemostratigraphic evolution is associated with palaeontological evidence that indicate a major collapse of terrestrial and marine ecosystems during the Late Smithian. It is commonly assumed that Smithian and Spathian isotopic variations are intimately linked to major perturbations in the exogenic carbon reservoir. We present paired carbon isotopes measurements from the Thaynes Group (Utah, USA) to evaluate the extent to which the Early Triassic isotopic perturbations reflect changes in the exogenic carbon cycle. The δ(13) Ccarb variations obtained here reproduce the known Smithian δ(13) Ccarb -negative excursion. However, the δ(13) C signal of the bulk organic matter is invariant across the SSB and variations in the δ(34) S signal of sedimentary sulphides are interpreted here to reflect the intensity of sediment remobilization. We argue that Middle to Late Smithian δ(13) Ccarb signal in the shallow marine environments of the Thaynes Group does not reflect secular evolution of the exogenic carbon cycle but rather physicochemical conditions at the sediment-water interface leading to authigenic carbonate formation during early diagenetic processes.

摘要

在二叠纪末大灭绝之后,早三叠世沉积物记录了显生宙一些最大的碳同位素偏移。其中,已识别出一次全球性的史密斯阶负碳酸盐碳同位素偏移,随后在史密斯阶-斯帕斯阶边界(SSB;约2.508亿年前)出现急剧增加。这种化学地层演化与古生物学证据相关,这些证据表明晚史密斯阶期间陆地和海洋生态系统发生了重大崩溃。通常认为,史密斯阶和斯帕斯阶的同位素变化与外生碳库的重大扰动密切相关。我们展示了来自美国犹他州塞恩斯组的成对碳同位素测量结果,以评估早三叠世同位素扰动在多大程度上反映了外生碳循环的变化。此处获得的δ(13)Ccarb变化再现了已知的史密斯阶δ(13)Ccarb负偏移。然而,整个SSB期间总有机质的δ(13)C信号不变,此处沉积硫化物的δ(34)S信号变化被解释为反映了沉积物再迁移的强度。我们认为,塞恩斯组浅海环境中史密斯阶中期至晚期的δ(13)Ccarb信号并不反映外生碳循环的长期演化,而是反映了沉积物-水界面的物理化学条件,这些条件导致早期成岩过程中自生碳酸盐的形成。

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