Dsouza Raymond, Bertocci Gina
Injury Risk Assessment and Prevention (iRAP) Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Apr;261:129-36. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.012. Epub 2016 Feb 15.
Children presenting multiple unexplained bruises can be an early sign of physical abuse. Bruising locations on the body can be an effective indicator of abusive versus accidental trauma. Additionally, childhood falls are often used as falsely reported events in child abuse, however, characterization of potential bruising locations associated with these falls does not exist. In our study we used a 12-month old pediatric anthropomorphic test device (ATD) adapted with a custom developed force sensing skin to predict potential bruising locations during rearward falls from standing. The surrogate bruising detection system measured and displayed recorded force data on a computerized body image mapping system when sensors were activated. Simulated rearward fall experiments were performed onto two different impact surfaces (padded carpet and linoleum tile over concrete) with two different initial positions (standing upright and posteriorly inclined) so that the ATD would fall rearward upon release. Findings indicated impact locations, and thus the potential for bruising in the posterior plane primarily within the occipital head and posterior torso regions.
出现多处不明原因瘀伤的儿童可能是身体虐待的早期迹象。身体上的瘀伤部位可以作为虐待性创伤与意外创伤的有效指标。此外,儿童跌倒常被用作虐待儿童事件中虚假报告的情况,然而,与这些跌倒相关的潜在瘀伤部位的特征并不存在。在我们的研究中,我们使用了一个12个月大的儿科人体模拟试验装置(ATD),该装置配备了定制开发的力感应皮肤,以预测从站立姿势向后跌倒时的潜在瘀伤部位。当传感器被激活时,替代瘀伤检测系统在计算机化的身体图像映射系统上测量并显示记录的力数据。在两个不同的撞击表面(铺有垫子的地毯和混凝土上的油毡瓷砖)上,以两种不同的初始姿势(直立和向后倾斜)进行模拟向后跌倒实验,以便ATD在释放后向后跌倒。研究结果表明了撞击位置,因此主要在枕头部和后躯干区域的后平面出现瘀伤的可能性。