Cascella Marco
Rev Med Chil. 2015 Dec;143(12):1593-7. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872015001200013.
Cholera ravaged many American and European cities in the nineteenth century. Likewise, Italy was struck by six epidemics since the morbus first appeared in 1835-1837. After the International Sanitary Conferences held in Paris in 1851, there was a decrease of the cases due to consolidation of the city in terms of public and private health. Nevertheless, due to the lack of alternative and innovative remedies, the mortality remained unchanged, affecting more than 60 percent of patients. The city of Brescia in Northern Italy was severely hit by the epidemic of 1867. Not being able to implement effective therapeutic strategies, the administration of drugs like quinine and strychnine was proposed to be done intravenously. The results of intravenous injections were ominous, and all the patients died of "sudden death". Although the academic authorities forbade further experiments, some physicians carried on a long trial using test animals and mental patients as "guinea pigs".
19世纪，霍乱肆虐了许多美国和欧洲城市。同样，自1835年至1837年霍乱首次出现以来，意大利遭受了六次疫情袭击。1851年在巴黎召开国际卫生会议后，由于城市在公共卫生和私人卫生方面的改善，霍乱病例有所减少。然而，由于缺乏替代和创新疗法，死亡率仍未改变，超过60%的患者受到影响。意大利北部的布雷西亚市在1867年的疫情中遭受重创。由于无法实施有效的治疗策略，有人提议静脉注射奎宁和士的宁等药物。静脉注射的结果很不乐观，所有患者都死于“猝死”。尽管学术当局禁止进一步实验，但一些医生仍以实验动物和精神病人为“实验对象”进行了长期试验。
