Infratentorial posterior circulation stroke in a Nigerian population: Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and predictors of outcome.

BACKGROUND

Posterior circulation stroke (PCS), though less common, differs from stroke in anterior circulation in many aspects. Relatively, it portends a poorer prognosis. However, there is a paucity of data from African countries, in particular, where stroke is a menace.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, outcome, and predictors of outcome in a cohort of patients with IPCS in Northwestern Nigeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Out of 595 patients with stroke, we prospectively analyzed 57 patients with PCS in a Tertiary Care Center in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Patients were analyzed for demographic data, risk factors, clinical characteristics, stroke subtypes, mortality, and predictors of mortality.

RESULTS

Posterior circulation ischemic stroke accounted for 57 (9.6%) of 595 of all strokes seen in the study period. They comprised 44 males (mean age 47.8 ± 17.7) and 13 females (mean age 46.3 ± 13.7). Overall, their age ranged between 24 and 90 (mean age 47.4 ± 16.7). However, 52.7% of the patients were < 45 years of age. The most common site affected was the cerebellum seen in 33 (57.9%) patients. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (86%). Headache and vertigo were the most common features accounting for 83.6% and 86.3%, respectively. Thirty-eight (66.7%) patients had an ischemic stroke. Twenty-one (36.8%) of the patients died during the 1-month period of follow-up. Independent predictors of death in the study were hyperglycemia on admission and hemorrhagic stroke.

CONCLUSIONS

IPCS occurred in a relatively younger age group. Headache and vertigo were the most common symptoms. The independent predictors of death in the study were hyperglycemia at presentation and hemorrhagic stroke.