DICEA-Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
DICMA-Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2016 May;51:3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.030. Epub 2016 Mar 8.
This paper presents an original device for the separation of plastic polymers from mixtures. Due to the combination of a characteristic flow pattern developing within the apparatus and density, shape and size differences among two or more polymers, this device allows their separation into two products, one collected within the instrument and the other one expelled through its outlet ducts. Experimental tests have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the apparatus, using two geometric arrangements, nine hydraulic configurations and three selections of polymers at three stages of a material life cycle. Tests with samples composed of a single typology of polymer have been used to understand the interaction between the particles and the carrying fluid within the apparatus in different hydraulic configurations and geometric arrangements. Multi-material tests are essential to simulate the real conditions in an industrial recycling plant. The separation results have been evaluated in terms of grade and recovery of a useful material. Under the proper hydraulic configurations, the experimentation showed that it is possible to produce an almost pure concentrate of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) from a mixture of 85% PET and 15% Polycarbonate (PC) (concentrate grade and recovery equal to 99.5% and 95.1%) and a mixture of 85% PET and 15% Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) (concentrate grade and recovery equal to 97.9% and 100.0%). It is further demonstrated that almost pure concentrates of PVC and PC can be produced from a mixture of 85% PVC and 15% PC (PVC grade and recovery equal to 99.9% and 99.7%) and a mixture of 85% PC and 15% PVC (PC grade and recovery equal to 99.0% and 99.5%).
本文提出了一种用于从混合物中分离塑料聚合物的原创设备。由于设备内形成的特征流型与两种或更多种聚合物之间的密度、形状和尺寸差异相结合，该设备允许将它们分离成两种产品，一种收集在仪器内，另一种通过其出口管道排出。已经进行了实验测试，以使用两种几何布置、九个水力配置和三种聚合物选择，在材料生命周期的三个阶段来研究该设备的有效性。使用由单一聚合物类型组成的样品进行了测试，以了解在不同水力配置和几何布置下，颗粒与携带流体在设备内的相互作用。多材料测试对于模拟工业回收工厂中的实际情况至关重要。根据有用材料的等级和回收率来评估分离结果。在适当的水力配置下，实验表明，从 85%PET 和 15%聚碳酸酯（PC）的混合物中（浓缩物等级和回收率等于 99.5%和 95.1%）和 85%PET 和 15%聚氯乙烯（PVC）的混合物中（浓缩物等级和回收率等于 97.9%和 100.0%），可以生产出几乎纯的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）浓缩物。进一步证明，从 85%PVC 和 15%PC 的混合物中（PVC 等级和回收率等于 99.9%和 99.7%）和 85%PC 和 15%PVC 的混合物中（PC 等级和回收率等于 99.0%和 99.5%），可以生产出几乎纯的 PVC 和 PC 浓缩物。
