Wojczal Joanna, Tomczyk Tomasz, Luchowski Piotr, Kozera Grzegorz, Kaźmierski Radosław, Stelmasiak Zbigniew
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Stroke Department, Regional Hospital in Poznań, Poland.
J Ultrason. 2016 Mar;16(64):44-54. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2016.0005. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
The paper presents standards related to ultrasound imaging of the cerebral vasculature and structures. The aim of this paper is to standardize both the performance and description of ultrasound imaging of the extracranial and intracranial cerebral arteries as well as a study of a specific brain structure, i.e. substantia nigra hyperechogenicity. The following aspects are included in the description of standards for each ultrasonographic method: equipment requirements, patient preparation, study technique and documentation as well as the required elements of ultrasound description. Practical criteria for the diagnosis of certain pathologies in accordance with the latest literature were also presented. Furthermore, additional comments were included in some of the sections. Part I discusses standards for the performance, documentation and description of different ultrasound methods (Duplex, Doppler). Part II and III are devoted to standards for specific clinical situations (vasospasm, monitoring after the acute stage of stroke, detection of a right-to-left shunts, confirmation of the arrest of the cerebral circulation, an assessment of the functional efficiency of circle of Willis, an assessment of the cerebrovascular vasomotor reserve as well as the measurement of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity).
本文介绍了与脑血管系统和结构超声成像相关的标准。本文的目的是规范颅外和颅内脑动脉超声成像的操作及描述，以及对特定脑结构即黑质高回声的研究。每种超声检查方法的标准描述包括以下方面：设备要求、患者准备、检查技术与记录以及超声描述所需要素。还根据最新文献给出了某些病症诊断的实用标准。此外，部分章节还包含了补充说明。第一部分讨论了不同超声方法（双功超声、多普勒）的操作、记录和描述标准。第二部分和第三部分专门阐述特定临床情况的标准（血管痉挛、中风急性期后监测、右向左分流检测、脑循环停止确认、 Willis 环功能效率评估、脑血管舒缩储备评估以及黑质高回声测量）。
