Peichl L
Fortschr Ophthalmol. 1989;86(1):47-53.
The retina contains a range of ganglion cell types that differ in morphology and in their response to visual stimuli. They extract different image parameters and transmit them to the brain in independent parallel channels. One type, the alpha cells, shows a phasic response to light stimuli and covers a relatively large retinal area of about 1 degree to 3 degrees diameter. They are important for the detection of movement and global form, but not for high visual acuity. In a comparative study, alpha cells were found in all mammalian species investigated. They comprise only 1%-4% of all ganglion cells. However, with their large dendritic fields and regular soma spacing they provide complete coverage of the retina and contribute to image analysis at each retinal location. As alpha cells are a consistent component of mammalian retinae, they are most likely also a functional constituent of the human retina. The functional properties of different ganglion cell types have a bearing on the clinical diagnosis, because retinal damage (e.g., in glaucoma patients) may be specific to the cell type.
视网膜包含一系列神经节细胞类型，它们在形态以及对视觉刺激的反应方面存在差异。它们提取不同的图像参数，并通过独立的平行通道将其传输到大脑。其中一种类型的α细胞对光刺激表现出相位反应，覆盖直径约1度至3度的相对较大的视网膜区域。它们对于检测运动和整体形状很重要，但对于高视力并不重要。在一项比较研究中，在所研究的所有哺乳动物物种中都发现了α细胞。它们仅占所有神经节细胞的1%-4%。然而，凭借其大的树突场和规则的胞体间距，它们提供了对视网膜的完整覆盖，并有助于在每个视网膜位置进行图像分析。由于α细胞是哺乳动物视网膜的一个恒定组成部分，它们很可能也是人类视网膜的功能成分。不同神经节细胞类型的功能特性与临床诊断有关，因为视网膜损伤（例如在青光眼患者中）可能特定于细胞类型。
