作为诱导应激函数的抑郁症状与香烟需求
Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Demand as a Function of Induced Stress.
作者信息
Dahne Jennifer, Murphy James G, MacPherson Laura
机构信息
Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD;
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 Jan;19(1):49-58. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw145. Epub 2016 May 31.
INTRODUCTION
Depressed smokers may disproportionately value cigarettes as compared to other reinforcers in the context of increases in negative affect (NA). Thus, cigarette demand may be an important construct for understanding the relationship between depression, NA change, and tobacco use. The aim of the current study was to examine the interaction between depressive symptoms and change in NA as a function of induced mood as a predictor of cigarette demand.
METHODS
Participants included 73 young adult daily smokers (41.70% female, 73.60% White, age M (SD) = 19.70 (1.15)) who attended two experimental sessions: one stress and one neutral. During each session, participants completed ratings of depressive symptoms, NA, and cigarette demand.
RESULTS
We examined the predictive utility of depressive symptoms, change in NA as a result of a stressor, and the interaction between depressive symptoms and NA change on demand indices. Separate models were constructed by session. Results indicated significant interactive effects between depressive symptoms and change in NA for predicting intensity, breakpoint, and P during the stress session. Specifically, change in NA moderated the relationship between depression and demand indices such that among individuals high in NA change, depressive symptoms were positively related to P and breakpoint, whereas among individuals low in NA change, depressive symptoms were positively related to intensity.
CONCLUSIONS
When exposed to stress, cigarettes may become more valuable for individuals with depressive symptoms.
IMPLICATIONS
This study contributes to the literature attempting to understand the complex relationships between depression, stress-related changes in NA, and tobacco use. This study suggests that one mechanism that may be important to the relationship between depression and tobacco use is cigarette demand. Specifically, for individuals with elevated depressive symptoms, certain aspects of cigarette demand may be higher (intensity, breakpoint, and P ) when exposed to stress, which may contribute to tobacco use being maintained over time.
引言
与其他强化物相比，情绪低落的吸烟者在消极情绪（NA）增加的情况下可能会过度重视香烟。因此，香烟需求可能是理解抑郁、消极情绪变化和烟草使用之间关系的一个重要概念。本研究的目的是检验抑郁症状与消极情绪变化之间的相互作用，将其作为诱导情绪的函数，以此作为香烟需求的预测指标。
方法
参与者包括73名年轻的成年每日吸烟者（41.70%为女性，73.60%为白人，年龄M（标准差）=19.70（1.15）），他们参加了两个实验环节：一个是压力环节，一个是中性环节。在每个环节中，参与者完成抑郁症状、消极情绪和香烟需求的评分。
结果
我们检验了抑郁症状、应激源导致的消极情绪变化以及抑郁症状与消极情绪变化之间的相互作用对需求指标的预测效用。按环节构建了单独的模型。结果表明，在压力环节中，抑郁症状与消极情绪变化之间存在显著的交互作用，可预测强度、断点和P值。具体而言，消极情绪变化调节了抑郁与需求指标之间的关系，即在消极情绪变化较大的个体中，抑郁症状与P值和断点呈正相关，而在消极情绪变化较小的个体中，抑郁症状与强度呈正相关。
结论
当暴露于压力时，香烟对有抑郁症状的个体可能变得更有价值。
启示
本研究为试图理解抑郁、与压力相关的消极情绪变化和烟草使用之间复杂关系的文献做出了贡献。本研究表明，对抑郁与烟草使用之间的关系可能重要的一种机制是香烟需求。具体而言，对于抑郁症状加重的个体，在暴露于压力时，香烟需求的某些方面（强度、断点和P值）可能更高，这可能有助于烟草使用随时间持续存在。
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