Mayorga Cristobalina, Perez-Inestrosa Ezequiel, Molina Noemi, Montañez Maria I
aResearch Laboratory-Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga UMA bDepartment of Organic Chemistry, IBIMA, University of Malaga cBIONAND-Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, Malaga, Spain.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Aug;16(4):300-7. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000282.
This article provides an overview of novel nanoscale structures potentially applicable to the field of allergy, and to discuss the required properties, advantages, and disadvantages of those nanostructures for clinical application focusing on diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Advances in the development of different nanostructures are favoring their biomedical applications. One area of interest is the interaction between nanostructures and the immune system, including their ability to emulate carrier molecules and their potential use for the diagnosis of allergic reactions.
Immunoassays are the most widely used in-vitro test for evaluating immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. However, they have important technical limitations affecting their sensitivity. A wide variety of nanostructures have been designed to quantify specific IgE, with the aim of diagnosing different kinds of allergies. Nanoparticles-based colloidal immunoassay employed in microdevices and/or miniaturized systems are improving IgE detection sensitivity. Dendrimers have shown immense potential for the design and development of sensor platforms for evaluating IgE-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions, due to the increase in hapten density and IgE accessibility. In this sense, a variety of dendritic structures as well as their hybridization to different solid supports have been shown to be successful when applied in the diagnosis of drug allergy. Moreover, the knowledge of the complete antigenic determinants would allow their inclusion and therefore further improvement of the sensitivity.
本文概述了可能应用于过敏领域的新型纳米结构，并讨论这些纳米结构在临床应用（重点是药物过敏反应诊断）中所需的特性、优点和缺点。
不同纳米结构开发方面的进展有利于其生物医学应用。一个感兴趣的领域是纳米结构与免疫系统之间的相互作用，包括它们模拟载体分子的能力以及在过敏反应诊断中的潜在用途。
免疫测定是评估免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导的药物过敏反应最广泛使用的体外试验。然而，它们存在影响其灵敏度的重要技术限制。已设计出多种纳米结构来定量特异性IgE，旨在诊断不同类型的过敏。微器件和/或小型化系统中采用的基于纳米颗粒的胶体免疫测定正在提高IgE检测灵敏度。由于半抗原密度和IgE可及性的增加，树枝状大分子在设计和开发用于评估IgE介导的药物过敏反应的传感器平台方面显示出巨大潜力。从这个意义上说，各种树枝状结构及其与不同固体支持物的杂交在应用于药物过敏诊断时已被证明是成功的。此外，对完整抗原决定簇的了解将使其得以纳入，从而进一步提高灵敏度。
