Anesthetic Techniques in Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery.

Endoscopic sinus approach has become one of the most common surgical techniques for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. Anesthetic management has an important impact on the overall patient management, from the preoperative assessment and management to the quality of the surgical field and the postoperative recovery. Hemostasis is critical for adequate anatomical endoscopic visualization. Mild controlled hypotension seems to improve the visibility of the surgical field. Reduction of intraoperative bleeding should be considered during the treatment planning. Preoperative preparations include the optimization of comorbidities and cessation of drugs that may inhibit coagulation.