The role of microtubules in platelet secretory release.

The role of microtubules in platelet aggregation and secretion has been analyzed using platelets permeabilized with digitonin and monoclonal antibodies to alpha (DM1A) and beta (DM1B) subunits of tubulin. Permeabilized platelets were able to undergo aggregation and secretory release. However, threshold doses of agonists capable of eliciting a second wave of aggregation and the platelet release reaction were higher than in control platelets exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for digitonin. Both antibodies to alpha and beta tubulin caused a further increase in the threshold concentration of agonists and inhibited the secretory release of permeabilized platelets, but were ineffective using intact platelets. Neither monoclonal antibody inhibited polymerization or depolymerization of platelet tubulin in vitro. Antibodies to platelet actin and myosin also exhibited an inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation albeit less severe than that observed with the antibodies to alpha and beta tubulin. There was evidence of an interaction between DM1A and DM1B and the antibodies to actin and myosin. The interaction of platelet tubulin and myosin was investigated by two different methods. (1) Coprecipitation of the proteins at low ionic strength at which tubulin by itself did not precipitate and (2) affinity chromatography on columns of immobilized myosin. Tubulin freed of its associated proteins (MAPs) by phosphocellulose chromatography bound to myosin in a molar ratio which approached 2. Platelet actin competed with tubulin for 1 binding site on the myosin molecule. MAPs also reduced the binding stoichiometry of tubulin/myosin. Treatment of microtubule protein with p-chloromercuribenzoate or colchicine did not influence its binding to myosin. DM1A and DM1B inhibited the interaction of tubulin and myosin. This effect could also be demonstrated by reaction of electrophoretic transblots of extracted platelet tubulin with the respective proteins. We interpret these results as evidence for an interference of the two monoclonal antibodies to the tubulin subunits (DM1A and DM1B) with the translocation of microtubule protein from its submembranous site to a more central one during the activation process.