Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2016 Oct;42:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
The threat of influenza A and B variants via antigenic drift and emerging novel influenza A and B strains in the human population via antigenic shift has spurred research efforts to improve upon current seasonal influenza vaccines. In recent years, a wave of novel technological breakthroughs has lead to the identification of many broadly anti-influenza hemagglutinin (HA) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the elucidation of the conserved epitopes recognized by these mAbs in both the head and the stem of HA as well as the mechanisms of inhibition. These discoveries along with an improved understanding of how the immune system responds to influenza infection and vaccination has spurred great efforts on stem-based cross-subtype ('universal') vaccine design as well as RBS-based HA subtype-specific vaccine design.
甲型和乙型流感病毒通过抗原漂移产生的变异威胁，以及新型甲型和乙型流感病毒通过抗原转变在人群中出现，这促使人们努力改进当前的季节性流感疫苗。近年来，一波新的技术突破导致了许多广泛抗流感血凝素 (HA) 的单克隆抗体 (mAb) 的鉴定，并阐明了这些 mAb 在 HA 的头部和茎部以及抑制机制中识别的保守表位。这些发现以及对免疫系统如何对流感感染和疫苗接种做出反应的理解的提高，促使人们大力开展基于茎的跨亚型（“通用”）疫苗设计以及基于 RBS 的 HA 亚型特异性疫苗设计。
