Use of the dexamethasone suppression test in an inpatient setting: a replication and new findings.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 131 depressed and 109 nondepressed psychiatric inpatients. The depressed patients were categorized according to DSM-III as minor depression, major depression without melancholia, and major depression with melancholia and/or with psychotic features. The nondepressed patients were stratified over several DSM-III subcategories. DST nonsuppression was nonspecific for major depression: the mean post-dexamethasone cortisol value and the number of nonsuppressors were not significantly different between the major depressives and the nondepressed psychiatric controls. Within the depressive sample the DST was a significant (p less than 0.01) discriminator between major and minor depression. Postdexamethasone plasma greater than or equal to 3.5 micrograms/dl at 0800h was the most sensitive (39%) and specific (94%) criterion; cortisol values at 1600h and 2300h showed no significant discriminating power for major vs. minor depression. The diagnostic utility of the DST thus appears to be limited to confirming the diagnosis of major depression, once the clinical diagnosis of depression is made. There was no significant influence of age or gender on postdexamethasone cortisol values.