Asanbe Comfort, Moleko Anne-Gloria, Visser Maretha, Thomas Angela, Makwakwa Catherine, Salgado Waleska, Tesnakis Alexandra
a Department of Psychology , College of Staten Island/City University of New York , USA.
b Department of Psychology , University of Pretoria , South Africa.
J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2016 Jul;28(2):175-85. doi: 10.2989/17280583.2016.1216853.
We examined several indicators of psychological health in a sample of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) to determine if there were significant differences between those orphaned by AIDS and those orphaned by other causes, and if there were gender differences.
Our sample consisted of 119 young children (ages 6-10 years) who participated in a non-governmental organisation (NGO)-supported social services programme in a low-resource, non-urban community in South Africa. We collected data on three groups: non-orphans (OVC1; n = 45); orphans due to AIDS (OVC2; n = 43); and other orphans (OVC3; n = 31). Parents of non-orphans and legal guardians of orphans rated their children on a 112-item, age appropriate Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), South Africa version.
Children in the OVC2 group were significantly different from their peers on Internalising Problems and Somatic Complaints, while OVC3 group had a higher proportion of children in the at-risk range on Social Problems compared to OVC2. Females had elevated scores on the anxious/depressed, internalising problems, total problems, and sluggish cognitive tempo scales compared to males. There was an interaction between factors, such that boys in OVC2 had elevated mean scores on Somatic Complaints. These findings suggest increased vulnerability for girls on emotional issues and for boys on somatic problems.
我们在一组孤儿和弱势儿童（OVC）样本中研究了心理健康的几个指标，以确定艾滋病致孤儿童与其他原因致孤儿童之间是否存在显著差异，以及是否存在性别差异。
我们的样本包括119名幼儿（6 - 10岁），他们参与了南非一个资源匮乏的非城市社区中一个非政府组织（NGO）支持的社会服务项目。我们收集了三组数据：非孤儿（OVC1；n = 45）；艾滋病致孤儿童（OVC2；n = 43）；以及其他孤儿（OVC3；n = 31）。非孤儿的父母和孤儿的法定监护人根据一份112项、适合该年龄段的《儿童行为清单》（CBCL）南非版对他们的孩子进行评分。
OVC2组儿童在内化问题和躯体主诉方面与同龄人有显著差异，而与OVC2组相比，OVC3组在社会问题方面处于风险范围的儿童比例更高。与男性相比，女性在焦虑/抑郁、内化问题、总问题和认知迟缓量表上的得分更高。各因素之间存在交互作用，使得OVC2组中的男孩在躯体主诉方面的平均得分较高。这些发现表明女孩在情绪问题上更易受影响，而男孩在躯体问题上更易受影响。
