Endoscopic Anatomy of the Protympanum.
作者信息
Jufas Nicholas, Marchioni Daniele, Tarabichi Muaaz, Patel Nirmal
机构信息
Kolling Deafness Research Centre, University of Sydney and Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Endoscopic Ear Surgery (SEES) Research Group, Sydney, Australia.
Otolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 37122, Verona, Italy.
出版信息
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016 Oct;49(5):1107-19. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2016.05.009.
The protympanum, a final common pathway between the tympanic cavity and external environment, is gaining relevance due to the ease and completeness of visualization with angled endoscopes. Two primary conformations are described, quadrangular and triangular, and new anatomic structures such as the protiniculum, subtensor recess, and protympanic spine are defined. Surgical relevance of the protympanum is described with respect to ventilation, cholesteatoma, cerebrospinal fluid leak, otic neuralgia, and surgical access to the eustachian tube.
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