接触家畜后感染微小隐孢子虫
Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Following Contact with Livestock.
作者信息
Suler Denis, Mullins David, Rudge Travis, Ashurst John
机构信息
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA.
Duke Lifepoint Memorial Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
N Am J Med Sci. 2016 Jul;8(7):323-5. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.187162.
CONTEXT
Scours, or calf diarrhea, is an infectious gastrointestinal disease commonly found in the calves of dairy farms. It primarily presents with diarrhea that can be life threatening to the animal and is also contagious and threatening to the other livestock. Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of scours and can be transmitted to humans via fecal-oral route, resulting in diarrheal illnesses. Cryptosporidiosis infection usually occurs as a waterborne outbreak with the potential to affect many people at once.
CASE REPORT
We report a case of a 24-year-old female farmer who presented to the emergency department with diarrhea after taking care of ill cattle with similar symptoms. Fecal cultures were positive for Cryptosporidium parvum. Given the patient was immunocompetent, no further treatment was warranted.
CONCLUSION
Confirmed cases should be reported, however, treatment is only recommended in children and immunocompromised adults. Clinicians should educate patients on the importance of proper hygiene and handling techniques in order to decrease transmission and recurrence of the protozoan infection.
背景
腹泻，即犊牛腹泻，是一种常见于奶牛场犊牛的传染性胃肠道疾病。其主要症状为腹泻，这可能对动物生命构成威胁，并且具有传染性，会危及其他牲畜。隐孢子虫是腹泻的主要病因之一，可通过粪口途径传播给人类，导致腹泻疾病。隐孢子虫病感染通常以水源性暴发的形式发生，有可能同时影响许多人。
病例报告
我们报告一例24岁女性农民的病例，她在照料有类似症状的病牛后出现腹泻，到急诊科就诊。粪便培养显示微小隐孢子虫呈阳性。鉴于该患者免疫功能正常，无需进一步治疗。
结论
确诊病例应上报，然而，仅建议对儿童和免疫功能低下的成年人进行治疗。临床医生应教育患者了解适当卫生和处理技术的重要性，以减少原生动物感染的传播和复发。
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