Al-Samman A M, Rahman T A, Azmi M H, Hindia M N, Khan I, Hanafi E
Department Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic University Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 21;11(9):e0163034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163034. eCollection 2016.
This paper presents an experimental characterization of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) channels in the 6.5 GHz, 10.5 GHz, 15 GHz, 19 GHz, 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands in an indoor corridor environment. More than 4,000 power delay profiles were measured across the bands using an omnidirectional transmitter antenna and a highly directional horn receiver antenna for both co- and cross-polarized antenna configurations. This paper develops a new path-loss model to account for the frequency attenuation with distance, which we term the frequency attenuation (FA) path-loss model and introduce a frequency-dependent attenuation factor. The large-scale path loss was characterized based on both new and well-known path-loss models. A general and less complex method is also proposed to estimate the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) factor of close-in reference distance with the XPD (CIX) and ABG with the XPD (ABGX) path-loss models to avoid the computational complexity of minimum mean square error (MMSE) approach. Moreover, small-scale parameters such as root mean square (RMS) delay spread, mean excess (MN-EX) delay, dispersion factors and maximum excess (MAX-EX) delay parameters were used to characterize the multipath channel dispersion. Multiple statistical distributions for RMS delay spread were also investigated. The results show that our proposed models are simpler and more physically-based than other well-known models. The path-loss exponents for all studied models are smaller than that of the free-space model by values in the range of 0.1 to 1.4 for all measured frequencies. The RMS delay spread values varied between 0.2 ns and 13.8 ns, and the dispersion factor values were less than 1 for all measured frequencies. The exponential and Weibull probability distribution models best fit the RMS delay spread empirical distribution for all of the measured frequencies in all scenarios.
本文展示了在室内走廊环境中对6.5GHz、10.5GHz、15GHz、19GHz、28GHz和38GHz频段毫米波(mm-wave)信道的实验特性描述。使用全向发射天线和高定向喇叭接收天线,针对同极化和交叉极化天线配置,在各个频段测量了4000多个功率延迟分布。本文开发了一种新的路径损耗模型来考虑随距离的频率衰减,我们将其称为频率衰减(FA)路径损耗模型,并引入了一个频率相关的衰减因子。基于新的和知名的路径损耗模型对大尺度路径损耗进行了表征。还提出了一种通用且不太复杂的方法,用于使用具有交叉极化的近场参考距离交叉极化鉴别(CIX)和具有交叉极化的ABG(ABGX)路径损耗模型来估计近场参考距离的交叉极化鉴别(XPD)因子,以避免最小均方误差(MMSE)方法的计算复杂性。此外,使用诸如均方根(RMS)延迟扩展、平均超额(MN-EX)延迟、色散因子和最大超额(MAX-EX)延迟参数等小尺度参数来表征多径信道色散。还研究了RMS延迟扩展的多种统计分布。结果表明,我们提出的模型比其他知名模型更简单且更基于物理原理。对于所有测量频率,所有研究模型的路径损耗指数比自由空间模型的路径损耗指数小0.1至l.4。RMS延迟扩展值在0.2ns至13.8ns之间变化,并且对于所有测量频率,色散因子值均小于1。指数和威布尔概率分布模型最适合所有场景中所有测量频率的RMS延迟扩展经验分布。