Hwang Jusun, Lee Kyunglee, Kim Young-Jun, Sleeman Jonathan M, Lee Hang
1 Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
2 Cetacean Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-050, Republic of Korea.
J Wildl Dis. 2017 Jan;53(1):5-18. doi: 10.7589/2015-12-348. Epub 2016 Oct 5.
To assess the status of research on wildlife diseases in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to identify trends, knowledge gaps, and directions for future research, we reviewed epidemiologic publications on wildlife-associated diseases in the ROK. We identified a relatively small but rapidly increasing body of literature. The majority of publications were focused on public or livestock health and relatively few addressed wildlife health. Most studies that focused on human and livestock health were cross-sectional whereas wildlife health studies were mostly case reports. Fifteen diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health were identified and 21 diseases were identified as notifiable to either the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare or the Korea Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Two diseases were reported as occurring as epidemics; highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and virulent Newcastle disease. Six diseases or disease agents were described in the literature as emerging including HPAI, rabies, Babesia microti , avian coronaviruses, scrub typhus, and severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. The diseases for which there were the largest number of publications were HPAI and rabies. The majority of wildlife-associated zoonotic disease publications focused on food-borne parasitic infections or rodent-associated diseases. Several publications focused on the potential of wildlife as reservoirs of livestock diseases; in particular, Korean water deer ( Hydropotes inermis argyropus ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). In contrast, there were few publications on diseases of concern for wildlife populations or research to understand the impacts of these diseases for wildlife management. Increased focus on prospective studies would enhance understanding of disease dynamics in wildlife populations. For the high-consequence diseases that impact multiple sectors, a One Health approach, with coordination among the public health, agricultural, and environmental sectors, would be important. This type of review can provide useful information for countries or regions planning or implementing national wildlife health programs.
为评估大韩民国野生动物疾病的研究现状，并确定其趋势、知识空白和未来研究方向，我们查阅了有关大韩民国野生动物相关疾病的流行病学出版物。我们发现相关文献数量相对较少，但在迅速增加。大多数出版物聚焦于公共卫生或家畜健康，涉及野生动物健康的较少。大多数关注人类和家畜健康的研究是横断面研究，而野生动物健康研究大多是病例报告。我们确定了15种可向世界动物卫生组织通报的疾病，以及21种可向韩国卫生福利部或韩国农林畜产食品部通报的疾病。报告有两种疾病出现了流行情况，即高致病性禽流感（HPAI）和强毒新城疫。文献中描述有六种疾病或病原体正在出现，包括高致病性禽流感、狂犬病、微小巴贝斯虫、禽冠状病毒、恙虫病和严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒。出版物数量最多的疾病是高致病性禽流感和狂犬病。大多数与野生动物相关的人畜共患病出版物聚焦于食源性寄生虫感染或与啮齿动物相关的疾病。有几份出版物关注野生动物作为家畜疾病宿主的可能性，特别是韩国水鹿（獐）和野猪。相比之下，关于野生动物种群所关注疾病或旨在了解这些疾病对野生动物管理影响的研究的出版物较少。更多地关注前瞻性研究将增进对野生动物种群疾病动态的理解。对于影响多个部门的重大疾病，采用“同一健康”方法，在公共卫生、农业和环境部门之间进行协调，将非常重要。这种类型的综述可为规划或实施国家野生动物健康计划的国家或地区提供有用信息。
