Adams H A, Biscoping J, Ludolf K, Börgmann A, Bachmann-M B, Hempelmann G
Abteilung für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen.
Reg Anaesth. 1989 May;12(3):53-7.
This study was undertaken to develop a time- and cost-effective method for the detection of lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine by HPLC/UV. The chromatographic system consisted of a C18-column (300 x 3.9 mm) for reversed-phase chromatography and a mobile phase of 30% acetonitrile and 70% 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer. For the analysis of lidocaine, mepivacaine, and prilocaine, the buffer was adjusted to pH 5.8. The buffer for the analysis of bupivacaine and etidocaine was adjusted to pH 3.5. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. UV detection took place at a wavelength of 210 nm. All blood samples were taken from a central venous line. After plasma separation, 1 microgram (100 microliters) of internal standard was added to 1 ml plasma. The samples were alkalized and extracted with ether, followed by the extraction of the organic phase in 250 microliters 0.05 N sulphuric acid; 50 microliters of this solution was injected into the system. The chromatographic system allowed the separation of bupivacaine and etidocaine (pH 3.5) as well as lidocaine and mepivacaine or prilocaine (pH 5.8). Separation of prilocaine and mepivacaine in one run was not satisfactory. Recovery rates for all local anesthetic substances were about 90%, standard variations below 3%, and coefficients of variation below 2%. The detection limit was about 30 ng/ml. The method is suitable for clinical practice. Only minor methodological modifications are necessary for the detection of the amide local anesthetics in current clinical use.
本研究旨在开发一种高效液相色谱/紫外检测法（HPLC/UV），用于检测利多卡因、甲哌卡因、丙胺卡因、布比卡因和依替卡因，且该方法具有省时和经济的特点。色谱系统由用于反相色谱的C18柱（300×3.9mm）和30%乙腈与70% 0.05M磷酸钠缓冲液组成的流动相构成。分析利多卡因、甲哌卡因和丙胺卡因时，将缓冲液pH值调至5.8。分析布比卡因和依替卡因时，缓冲液pH值调至3.5。流速为1ml/min。紫外检测波长为210nm。所有血样均取自中心静脉导管。血浆分离后，向1ml血浆中加入1微克（100微升）内标。将样品碱化并用乙醚萃取，然后用250微升0.05N硫酸萃取有机相；取50微升该溶液注入系统。该色谱系统可分离布比卡因和依替卡因（pH 3.5）以及利多卡因和甲哌卡因或丙胺卡因（pH 5.8）。一次进样分离丙胺卡因和甲哌卡因效果不佳。所有局部麻醉药的回收率约为90%，标准偏差低于3%，变异系数低于2%。检测限约为30ng/ml。该方法适用于临床实践。对于目前临床使用的酰胺类局部麻醉药的检测，仅需进行少量方法学修改。
