Park Jong Chul, Hahn Noah M
Department of Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, MD.
Departments of Oncology and Urology at Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, MD.
Urol Oncol. 2016 Dec;34(12):566-576. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
Tremendous advances in our understanding of the tumor immunology and molecular biology of urothelial carcinoma (UC) have led to the recent approval of immunotherapy as a novel option for patients with UC with advanced disease. Despite the promising data of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, only a small subset of patients with UC achieves durable remissions. Because an optimal antitumor response requires coordination of multiple immune, tumor, and microenvironment effector cells, novel approaches targeting distinct mechanisms of action likely in combination are needed. In addition, discovery of reliable immune biomarkers, understanding of mechanisms of resistance, and novel clinical trial designs are warranted for maximum benefit of UC immunotherapy.
我们对尿路上皮癌（UC）肿瘤免疫学和分子生物学的理解取得了巨大进展，这使得免疫疗法最近被批准作为晚期UC患者的一种新选择。尽管新型免疫检查点抑制剂的数据很有前景，但只有一小部分UC患者能实现持久缓解。由于最佳抗肿瘤反应需要多种免疫、肿瘤和微环境效应细胞的协调，可能需要结合针对不同作用机制的新方法。此外，为了使UC免疫疗法获得最大益处，有必要发现可靠的免疫生物标志物、了解耐药机制并设计新的临床试验。
