Gelmi C, Palazzuolo A, Lucchetti M, Trimarchi F
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia, I.R.C.C.S., Policlinico, S. Matteo, Italy.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989 Jul;27(7):346-51.
The mydriatic effects of ibopamine solution at the concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 1% and tropicamide solution at the concentration of 1% were evaluated in 22 clinically healthy volunteers. The study was conducted at single dose, instilling 1 drop of each concentration of ibopamine and of tropicamide in one eye and 1 drop of placebo in the other. The pupillary diameter was measured by photographic pupillography immediately before and at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 min after each instillation. Immediately before and 45 min after each instillation, visual acuity was also measured for both near and distant objects. The ibopamine solution exerted a dose-related mydriatic effect in both magnitude and duration. The mean maximum pupillary diameters were 5.5, 8.0, 9.1 mm with ibopamine at 0.25%, 0.50%, 1% and 8.6 mm with tropicamide. The mean times to reach the maximum pupillary diameter were 60, 54, and 50 min with the three concentrations of ibopamine, and 47 min with tropicamide. The duration of the mydriatic effect was less than 4 h with ibopamine and very much more with tropicamide. No effect on accommodation was found with ibopamine, while a cycloplegic effect was constantly noted with tropicamide. On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that ibopamine is to be preferred when mydriasis is required with good absolute values and brief duration (examinations of the fundus, examinations with Goldmann's lens, etc.), without cycloplegia.
在22名临床健康志愿者中评估了浓度为0.25%、0.50%、1%的异波帕明溶液以及浓度为1%的托吡卡胺溶液的散瞳效果。该研究采用单剂量给药，在一只眼中滴入每种浓度的异波帕明和托吡卡胺各1滴，另一只眼中滴入1滴安慰剂。在每次滴入药物前以及滴入后10、20、30、45、60、90、120、180、240分钟，通过摄影瞳孔测量法测量瞳孔直径。在每次滴入药物前以及滴入后45分钟，还测量了近视力和远视力。异波帕明溶液在散瞳幅度和持续时间上均呈现剂量相关效应。异波帕明浓度为0.25%、0.50%、1%时，平均最大瞳孔直径分别为5.5、8.0、9.1毫米，托吡卡胺的平均最大瞳孔直径为8.6毫米。三种浓度的异波帕明达到最大瞳孔直径的平均时间分别为60、54和50分钟，托吡卡胺为47分钟。异波帕明的散瞳效应持续时间小于4小时，而托吡卡胺的持续时间长得多。未发现异波帕明对调节功能有影响，而托吡卡胺则始终有睫状肌麻痹作用。根据所得结果得出结论，当需要散瞳且绝对值良好、持续时间短（眼底检查、使用戈德曼接触镜检查等）且无睫状肌麻痹时，异波帕明是更可取的。
