Hendrickson Kelsie L, Rasmussen Erin B
Department of Psychology.
Health Psychol. 2017 Mar;36(3):226-235. doi: 10.1037/hea0000440. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
The present study tested the extent to which age and obesity predicted impulsive choices for food and monetary outcomes and tested how a brief mindful-eating training would alter delay discounting for food and money choices compared with control groups.
First, 172 adolescents (M = 13.13 years) and 176 (M = 23.33 years) adults completed the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) and Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) as measures of food and money delay discounting, respectively. Then, participants returned to the lab and were randomly assigned to complete a brief mindful-eating training, watch a DVD on nutrition, or serve as a control. Participants completed the FCQ and MCQ again as a postmanipulation measure.
Participants with high percent body fat (PBF) were more impulsive for food than those with low PBF. Adults with high PBF were also more impulsive for money compared with adults with low PBF; no PBF-related differences were found for adolescents. Participants in the mindful-eating group exhibited more self-controlled choices for food, but not for money. The control conditions did not exhibit changes.
The study suggests that individuals with high PBF make more impulsive food choices relative to those with low PBF, which could increase the risk of obesity over time. It also is the first to demonstrate shifts in choice patterns for food and money using a brief mindful-eating training with adolescents. Mindful eating is a beneficial strategy to reduce impulsive food choice, at least temporarily, that may impede weight gain. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究测试了年龄和肥胖对食物及金钱结果的冲动性选择的预测程度，并测试了与对照组相比，简短的正念饮食训练如何改变食物和金钱选择的延迟折扣。
首先，172名青少年（平均年龄13.13岁）和176名成年人（平均年龄23.33岁）分别完成了食物选择问卷（FCQ）和金钱选择问卷（MCQ），作为食物和金钱延迟折扣的测量指标。然后，参与者返回实验室，被随机分配完成简短的正念饮食训练、观看关于营养的DVD或作为对照组。参与者再次完成FCQ和MCQ作为操作后的测量。
体脂百分比（PBF）高的参与者在食物选择上比PBF低的参与者更冲动。与PBF低的成年人相比，PBF高的成年人在金钱选择上也更冲动；在青少年中未发现与PBF相关的差异。正念饮食组的参与者在食物选择上表现出更多自我控制的选择，但在金钱选择上没有。对照组没有出现变化。
该研究表明，相对于PBF低的人，PBF高的人在食物选择上更冲动，随着时间的推移，这可能会增加肥胖的风险。它也是第一个通过对青少年进行简短的正念饮食训练来证明食物和金钱选择模式变化的研究。正念饮食是一种有益的策略，至少在短期内可以减少可能阻碍体重增加的冲动性食物选择。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
