Grossenbacher M, Perruchoud A P
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1989 Feb 7;78(6):113-7.
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) includes chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Bronchial obstruction can be caused by intraluminal processes (mucous secretion) as well as alterations of the bronchial wall (i.e. spasm of bronchial smooth muscle, hypertrophy of mucous glands, cellular infiltrates) or of the lung parenchyma (destruction of pulmonary structures). The development of pulmonary emphysema may be related to an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants as well as that of elastases and anti-elastases. Smoking appears to play the most important role in this process.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COLD）包括慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性支气管炎和肺气肿。支气管阻塞可由管腔内病变（黏液分泌）以及支气管壁改变（即支气管平滑肌痉挛、黏液腺肥大、细胞浸润）或肺实质改变（肺结构破坏）引起。肺气肿的发展可能与氧化剂和抗氧化剂以及弹性蛋白酶和抗弹性蛋白酶之间的失衡有关。吸烟似乎在这一过程中起最重要的作用。
