Vergara Victor M, Liu Jingyu, Claus Eric D, Hutchison Kent, Calhoun Vince
The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
Neuroimage. 2017 May 1;151:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.012. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
Alcohol and nicotine intake result in neurological alterations at the circuit level. Resting state functional connectivity has shown great potential in identifying these alterations. However, current studies focus on specific seeds and leave out many brain regions where effects might exist. The present study uses a data driven technique for brain segmentation covering the whole brain. Functional magnetic-resonance-imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 188 subjects:51 non-substance consumption controls (CTR), 36 smoking-and-drinking subjects (SAD), 28 drinkers (DRN), and 73 smokers (SMK). Data were processed using group independent component analysis to derive resting state networks (RSN). The resting state functional network connectivity (rsFNC) was then calculated through correlation between time courses. One-way ANOVA tests were used to detect rsFNC differences among the four groups. A total of 50 ANOVA tests were significant after multi-comparison correction. Results delineate a general pattern of hypo-connectivity in the substance consumers. Precuneus, postcentral gyrus, insula and visual cortex were the main brain areas with rsFNC reduction suggesting reduced interoceptive awareness in drinkers. In addition, connectivity reduction between postcentral and one RSN covering right fusiform and lingual gyri showed significant association with severity of hazardous drinking. In smokers, connectivity changes agreed with the idea of a shift towards endogenous information processing, represented by the DMN. Hypo-connectivity between thalamus and putamen was observed in smokers. In contrast, the angular gyrus showed hyper-connectivity with the precuneus linked to smoking and significantly correlated with nicotine dependence severity. In spite of the presence of common effects, our results suggest that particular effects of alcohol and nicotine can be separated and identified. Results also suggest that concurrent use of both substances affects brain connectivity in a complex manner, requiring careful consideration of interaction effects.
酒精和尼古丁的摄入会在神经回路水平上导致神经学改变。静息态功能连接在识别这些改变方面显示出巨大潜力。然而，目前的研究集中在特定的种子区域，遗漏了许多可能存在影响的脑区。本研究使用一种数据驱动技术对全脑进行脑区划分。从188名受试者收集了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据：51名非物质消费对照者（CTR）、36名吸烟饮酒者（SAD）、28名饮酒者（DRN）和73名吸烟者（SMK）。使用组独立成分分析对数据进行处理，以得出静息态网络（RSN）。然后通过时间序列之间的相关性计算静息态功能网络连接性（rsFNC）。使用单因素方差分析来检测四组之间的rsFNC差异。经过多重比较校正后，共有50次方差分析测试具有显著性。结果描绘了物质消费者中连接性降低的一般模式。楔前叶、中央后回、岛叶和视觉皮层是rsFNC降低的主要脑区，表明饮酒者的内感受觉意识降低。此外，中央后回与一个覆盖右侧梭状回和舌回的RSN之间的连接性降低与有害饮酒的严重程度显著相关。在吸烟者中，连接性变化与以默认模式网络（DMN）为代表的向内源性信息处理转变的观点一致。在吸烟者中观察到丘脑和壳核之间的连接性降低。相比之下，角回与楔前叶的连接性增强与吸烟有关，并且与尼古丁依赖严重程度显著相关。尽管存在共同影响，但我们的结果表明，酒精和尼古丁的特定影响可以被分离和识别。结果还表明，两种物质的同时使用以复杂的方式影响脑连接性，需要仔细考虑相互作用的影响。
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