Wilkerson Avia, Kim Julian, Huang Alex Y, Zhang Mei
School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2017;17(16):1843-1857. doi: 10.2174/1568026617666161122121412.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that are preferentially expanded in cancer. They arise from myeloid progenitor cells that do not differentiate into mature dendritic cells (DCs), granulocytes, or macrophages, and are rather thought to play a pivotal role in immune escape and cancer progression. MDSCs are characterized by the ability to suppress T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, inhibit natural killer T (NKT) cell activation, and induce the differentiation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg). MDSC levels have been shown to correlate negatively with prognosis and overall survival of patients with cancers of various types and stages. The role of MDSCs in cancer progression represents a promising target for effective cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of MDSC functions, their influence on tumor progression and metastasis, and finally focus on up to date nanoparticle approaches that target and antagonize MDSCs in tumor-bearing hosts. The development of multifunctional nanoparticle systems for effective imaging, assessment and manipulation of MDSCs will represent strategic theranostic innovations that may improve cancer staging, therapeutic outcomes, and overall patient survival.
髓源性抑制细胞（MDSCs）是一群异质性的未成熟髓样细胞，在癌症中优先扩增。它们起源于髓样祖细胞，这些祖细胞不会分化为成熟的树突状细胞（DCs）、粒细胞或巨噬细胞，而是被认为在免疫逃逸和癌症进展中起关键作用。MDSCs的特征在于能够抑制T细胞增殖和细胞毒性、抑制自然杀伤T（NKT）细胞活化，并诱导调节性T细胞（Treg）的分化和扩增。已表明MDSC水平与各种类型和阶段癌症患者的预后及总生存期呈负相关。MDSCs在癌症进展中的作用是有效癌症免疫治疗的一个有前景的靶点。在本综述中，我们讨论了MDSC功能的机制、它们对肿瘤进展和转移的影响，最后重点介绍了针对荷瘤宿主中MDSCs的最新纳米颗粒方法。开发用于有效成像、评估和操控MDSCs的多功能纳米颗粒系统将代表战略性的诊疗创新，可能改善癌症分期、治疗效果及患者总生存期。
