Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Nov;25(31):30763-30771. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8167-y. Epub 2016 Dec 13.
Lake Burullus is the second largest natural coastal lake in Egypt. It has an economic importance for fish yield. However, several anthropogenic activities such as industrial, agriculture, and reclamation activities lead to a deterioration of its water quality and a decrease of the water body area of the lake. This study aims to detect the spatiotemporal changes of Lake Burullus in the period 1972-2015 using 12 Landsat {(1,3-MSS), (4,5-TM), and (7-ETM+)} imageries and water indices approach. To extract water feature from imageries, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and the Water Ratio Index (WRI) were applied. The NDWI was applied to the MSS imageries. For other TM and ETM+ imageries, the WRI was applied. Obtained results show a significant decrease in the water area of the Lake Burullus, where it lost about (49%) of its surface area during the period from the year 1972 to the year 2015. A rapid decrease in the lake surface area was noticed through the period from 1972 to 1984. A prediction model was built depending on the calculated water area of the lake. Finally, the multi-temporal maps of the lake surface area are overlaid to produce a map for the changes of the lake surface area using Geographic Information System (GIS).
布卢尔湖是埃及第二大天然沿海湖泊,在鱼类产量方面具有经济重要性。然而,一些人为活动,如工业、农业和开垦活动,导致其水质恶化,湖泊水体面积减少。本研究旨在利用 1972 年至 2015 年期间的 12 个陆地卫星(1、3-MSS、4、5-TM 和 7-ETM+)图像和水指数方法来检测布卢尔湖的时空变化。为了从图像中提取水特征,应用了归一化差异水指数(NDWI)和水比指数(WRI)。NDWI 应用于 MSS 图像。对于其他 TM 和 ETM+图像,应用 WRI。结果表明,布卢尔湖的水域面积显著减少,在 1972 年至 2015 年期间,其表面积损失了约 49%。通过 1972 年至 1984 年期间,发现湖泊表面面积迅速减少。根据计算出的湖泊面积建立了一个预测模型。最后,将多时相的湖泊表面积地图叠加,使用地理信息系统(GIS)生成湖泊表面积变化的地图。