Miller Kimberly A, Huh Jimi, Unger Jennifer B, Richardson Jean L, Allen Martin W, Peng David H, Cockburn Myles G
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2017 Mar;33(2):75-83. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12287. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Rates of melanoma are rising in Hispanics in the United States. Excessive sun exposure in childhood increases the risk of melanoma in adulthood, and little is known about the factors motivating sun protection behaviors among Hispanic youth.
Correlates of sun protection were examined among Hispanic children residing in Los Angeles, California (N = 1891). Associations between multiple constructs (psychosocial, familial, and cultural) and sun protection outcomes (use of sunscreen, protective clothing, and shade seeking/sun avoidance) were examined.
Family variables were associated with more frequent sun protection among Hispanic children across outcomes, as were perceived peer norms, perceived self-efficacy, and fewer sun protection barriers. Skin cancer risk factors such as lighter skin and sunburn experience, and level of acculturation were not associated with greater sun protection.
Family sun protection habits are instrumental to Hispanic children's sun safe behaviors, and interventions that engage the family may be most effective. Increasing risk communication to high-risk subgroups of Hispanic children (those with lighter, more sun reactive skin) is important when developing intervention strategies. However, there is overlap between Hispanic children's sun protection correlates and those observed among non-Hispanic white children, suggesting that interventions to improve sun protection may generalize across cultural contexts.
背景/目的:美国西班牙裔人群中黑色素瘤的发病率正在上升。儿童时期过度暴露于阳光下会增加成年后患黑色素瘤的风险,而对于促使西班牙裔青少年采取防晒行为的因素知之甚少。
对居住在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的西班牙裔儿童(N = 1891)进行了防晒相关因素的研究。研究了多种因素(心理社会、家庭和文化)与防晒结果(使用防晒霜、穿防护服以及寻找阴凉处/避免阳光直射)之间的关联。
家庭因素与西班牙裔儿童在各项结果中更频繁的防晒行为相关,同伴规范认知、自我效能感认知以及较少的防晒障碍也与之相关。皮肤癌风险因素,如肤色较浅和晒伤经历,以及文化适应程度与更高的防晒行为无关。
家庭防晒习惯对西班牙裔儿童的阳光安全行为至关重要,涉及家庭的干预措施可能最为有效。在制定干预策略时,加强对西班牙裔儿童高危亚组(肤色较浅、皮肤对阳光反应更强的儿童)的风险沟通很重要。然而,西班牙裔儿童的防晒相关因素与非西班牙裔白人儿童中观察到的因素存在重叠,这表明改善防晒的干预措施可能适用于不同文化背景。